Soil Erosion

Front 1

soil

Back 1

Loose rock material that covers much of the Earth's land surface.

Hint 1

dirt

Front 2

Geologists

Back 2

Scientists who study Earth materials such as soil.

Front 3

Topsoil

Back 3

Mature surface soil that has an organic (living) layer in which plants have their roots.

Front 4

natural resource

Back 4

soil is a natural resource of the world. Why?

Front 5

What % of topsoil in the world is lost to erosion?

Back 5

7%

Front 6

Farmers are adding more and more __________ to the topsoil to makeup for the loss of plant nutrients.

Back 6

fertilizers

Front 7

____________ is any useful material that comes from the Earth. (trees, coal, air, water)

Back 7

natural resource

Front 8

The greatest cause of soil loss is __________ by running water.

Back 8

erosion

Front 9

____________ is the wise use (not wasting) of natural resources.

Back 9

Conservation

Front 10

There are 5 things people can do in order to conserve our soil:

Back 10

1. leave plants alone
2. contour plowing
3. strip cropping
4. dam building
5. terracing

Front 11

___________ is a mixture of weathered rocks and ____________.

Back 11

Topsoil; humus

Front 12

_________ is decayed (dead) plant and animal matter, which provides the nutrients to the soil.

Back 12

Topsoil

Front 13

_________ lies under the topsoil and is largely made of _______ ____________.

Back 13

Subsoil; clay particles

Front 14

_________________ _________ is the last layer of soil.

Back 14

Weathered rock

Front 15

What property of flint makes it so very useful?

Back 15

perfect for tools

Front 16

Explain what is "mineral soup," and tell where I would find it?

Back 16

Magma is a mineral soup.
You would find it in the inner core.

Front 17

According to the video, what are minerals?

Back 17

Minerals are content recycled and turns into solid.

Front 18

Mt. Rushmore is made from this rock:

Back 18

granite

Front 19

renewable resource

Back 19

A resource that can be replaced, like trees.

Front 20

nonrenewable resource

Back 20

A natural resource that can't be replaced, such as metallic ores.

Front 21

rock

Back 21

A solid material made up of one or more minerals.

Front 22

ore

Back 22

A rock that can be mined for the minerals is contains.

Front 23

mineral

Back 23

A natural solid that has a definite chemical makeup, found in Earth's crust.

Front 24

terracing

Back 24

the building of steplike ridges to prevent water runoff.

Front 25

gullies

Back 25

miniature river valleys.

Front 26

Contour plowing and terracing are:

Back 26

soil conservation practices.

Front 27

Coal and crude oil are __________ resources or fossil fuels.

Back 27

nonrenewable

Front 28

Flower roots and tree roots:

Back 28

hold soil in place.

Front 29

If your job were to conserve Earth's soil, what would you say to farmers to convince them that contour plowing, strip cropping, and terracing help prevent soil erosion?

Back 29

Following the shape of the land, like contour plowing, helps slow down erosion by rainwater. Planting a cover crop helps absorb rainwater and keeps soil in place. Constructing steplike ridges, or terraces, helps reduce runoff.

Front 30

Choose one:

Wind-blown sand can (erode, harden) rock surfaces.

Back 30

harden

Front 31

Choose one:

(Plants, Valleys) can act as windbreaks, which slow down the wind.

Back 31

Plants

Front 32

Choose one:

A glacier moves rock and soil like a (wheelbarrow, bulldozer).

Back 32

bulldozer

Front 33

Choose one:

Where winds blow steadily in the same direction, (dunes, glaciers) move.

Back 33

glaciers

Front 34

Moraines are deposited as glaciers (move, melt).

Back 34

move

Front 35

Order the steps for the formation of a sand dune (they are not in right order):
___ The wind slows down when it striks an object.
___ Wind removes loose sand and silt from an area.
___ Over time a sand dune forms.
___ Wind deposits sediment in another area.
___ The process begins all over again.

Back 35

2
1
4
3
5

Front 36

______ is the main contributor to the cause of erosion, where as wind is a contributor to ____________.

Back 36

Water; weathering

Front 37

In dry regions, sand helps create teh ______ _______.

Back 37

sand dunes

Front 38

_______ and snow helps create _________ in the polar regions.

Back 38

Ice; glaciers

Front 39

Fossils, which tell us about the past, can be found in rocks. _______ ________ tell us the direction or movement of a glacier and gives an idea of its _____.

Back 39

Glacier grooves; size

Front 40

___________ such as trees, shrubs, fences, and grass help reduce or prevent wind erosion.

Back 40

Windbreaks

Front 41

The speed of a glacier are affected by 3 factors, which are weight of the glacier, the terrain or landscape that a glacier is moving across, and the temperature of a glacier. But the main force that moves glaciers is ________.

Back 41

gravity

Front 42

fossil fuels

Back 42

natural gas, coal, petroleum (also called crude oil) are fuels made from the remains of once-living things.

Front 43

peat

Back 43

A fossil fuel that comes from the remains of ancient swamp plants.

Front 44

weathering

Back 44

the process by which rock is broken into smaller pieces.

Front 45

river system

Back 45

A river and the waterways that drain into it.

Front 46

sediments

Back 46

The materials carried by moving water.

Front 47

delta

Back 47

A flat plain that is formed from sediments from when a river empties into an ocean.

Front 48

headland

Back 48

A natural piece of land that extends out into the water.

Front 49

bay

Back 49

A body of water that is partly enclosed by land but has an opening, called a mouth, connecting the water to the ocean.

Front 50

sand dunes

Back 50

Piles of sand that are deposited in one place.

Front 51

moraine

Back 51

Rock materials carried by glaciers.