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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the series of chemical reactions by which a living cell breaks down carbohydrates and obtains energy from them
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cell respiration
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occurring or living in the presence of free or dissolved oxygen
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aerbic
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occurring or living in conditions without free or dissolved oxygen
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anaerobic
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the initial breakdown of a carbohydrate, usually glucose, into smaller molecules at the beginning of cell respiration or fermentation
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glycolysis
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the cycle in cell respiration that completes the breakdown of the intermidiate products of glycolysis, releasing energy; also, a source of carbon skeletons for use in biosynthesis reactions
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Krebs cycle
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an electron and hydrogen carrier in cell respiration
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NAD+
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the process in which electrons transfer from one carrier molecule to another in photosyntheis and in cell respiration; results in storage of the energy in ATP molecules.
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electron transport system
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combines with two hydrogen atoms during cell respiration to form FADH2
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FAD
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3-carbon compound that is the end product of glycolysis
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pyruvic acid
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in mammals, to secrete milk;
in chemistry, the ion of a 3-carbon acid (lactic acid)formed from pyruvic acid in fermentation |
lactate
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an anaerobic pathway producing ATP when the conversion of pyruvate to lactate produces NAD+, which cycles back through glycolysis
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lactic-acid fermentation
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the organelles in eukaryotic cells that carry on cell respiration; the site of ATP synthesis and of the Krebs cycle
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mitochondria
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a coenzyme, a small molecule required for enzymatic activity, present in all cells; necessary for cell respiration and fatty-acid metabolism
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coenzyme A
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an electron-carrying pigment in electron transport systems; cytochrome c is the most abundant
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cytochromes
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NAD+ stands for
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nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
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FAD stands for
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flavin adenine dinucleotide
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an organis that is normally anaerobic but can also grow in teh presence of oxygen
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faculative aerobes
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a microorganism tha tlives without using oxygen (an anaerobe) and finds the presence of oxygen harmful
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obligate anaerobes
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a microorganism that requires oxygen to live
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obligate aerobes
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the splitting of a molecule by reaction with water
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hydrolysis
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