Soft-Tissue Trauma

Front 1

What does the integumentary system consist of?

Back 1

The skin. The epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous layer.

Front 2

What is the most common type of trauma?

Back 2

Soft tissue trauma

Front 3

Define contusion

Back 3

Closed wound in which the skin is unbroken, although damage has occurred to the tissue immediately beneath

Front 4

What are the different types of closed wounds?

Back 4

Contusions
Hematoma
Crush injuries

Front 5

Define erythema

Back 5

General deddening of the skin due to dilation fo the superficial capillaries

Front 6

Define ecchymosis

Back 6

Blue-black discoloration of the skin due to leakage of blood in to the tissues

Front 7

Define hematoma

Back 7

Collection of blood beneath the skin or trapped within a body compartment

Front 8

Define crush injury

Back 8

Mechanism of injury in which tissue is locally compressed by high pressue forces

Front 9

Define crush syndrome

Back 9

Systemic disorder of severe metabolic disturbances resulting from the crush of a limb or other body part

Front 10

Name 3 types of the open wounds

Back 10

Abrasions
Lacerations
Incisions
Punctures
Avulsions
Amputations

Front 11

Define abrasion

Back 11

Scraping or abrasing away of the superficial layers of the skin; an open soft-tissue injury

Front 12

Define laceration

Back 12

An open wound, normally a tear with jagged borders

Front 13

Define tension lines

Back 13

Natural patterns in the surface of the skin revealing tensions within

Front 14

Define incision

Back 14

Very smooth or surgical lacerations, frequently caused by a knife, scalpel, razor blade, or piece of glass

Front 15

Define puncture

Back 15

Specific soft-tissue injury involving a deep, narrow wound to the skin and underlying organs that carries an increased danger of infection

Front 16

Define impaled object

Back 16

Foreign body embedded in a wound

Front 17

Define avulsion

Back 17

Forceful tearing away or separation of body tissue; an avulsion may be partial or complete

Front 18

Define degloving injury

Back 18

Avulsion in which the mechanism of injury tears the skin off the underlying muscle, tissue, blood vessels, and bone

Front 19

Define amputation

Back 19

Severance, removal, or detachment, either partial or complete, of a body part

Front 20

What are the sages of wound healing?

Back 20

Hemostasis
Inflammation
Epithelialization
Neurovascularization
Collagen synthesis

Front 21

A bright red, pulsating flow of blood indicates what kind of hemorrhage?

Back 21

Arterial

Front 22

A dark red, steady, slow flow of blood indicates what kind of hemorrhage?

Back 22

Venous

Front 23

A bright red, slow, even flow of blood indicates what kind of hemorrhage?

Back 23

Capillary

Front 24

Define hemostasis

Back 24

The body's natural ability to stop bleeding, the ability to clot blood

Front 25

During assessment, it is important to determine the _________ and ______________ of hemorrhage.

Back 25

rate, quantity

Front 26

Define inflammation

Back 26

Complex process of local cellular and biochemical changes as a consequence of injury or infection; an early stage of healing

Front 27

Define chemotactic factors

Back 27

Chemicals released by white blood cells that attract more white blood cells to an area of inflammation

Front 28

Define granulocytes

Back 28

WBC's charged with the primary purpose of neutralizing foreign bacteria

Front 29

Define macrophages

Back 29

Immune system cell that has the ability to recognize and ingest foreign pathogens

Front 30

Define phagocytosis

Back 30

Process in which a cell surrounds and absorbs a bacterium or other particles

Front 31

Define epithelialization

Back 31

Early stage of wound healing in which epithelial cells migrate over the surface of the wound

Front 32

Define neovascularization

Back 32

New growth of capillaries in response to healing

Front 33

Define collagen

Back 33

Tough, strong protein that comprises most of the body's connective tissues

Front 34

Define fibroblasts

Back 34

Specialized cells that form collagen

Front 35

Define remodeling

Back 35

Stage in the wound healing process in which collagen is broken down and relaid in an orderly fashion

Front 36

What is the most common complication of open wounds?

Back 36

Infection

Front 37

Define lymphangitis

Back 37

Inflammation of the lymph channels, usually as a result of a distal infection

Front 38

What is a factor that influences the liklihood of infection?

Back 38

The type of wound

Front 39

Define gangrene

Back 39

Deep space infection usually caused by the anaerobic bacterium; Clostridium perfringens

Front 40

True or false: Some medications, like ASA, warfarin, and heparin, can interfere with the clotting process.

Back 40

True

Front 41

Define serous fluid

Back 41

A cellular component of blood, similar to plasma

Front 42

Define compartment syndrome

Back 42

Muscle ischemia that is caused by rising pressures within an anatomical fascial space

Front 43

Define keloid

Back 43

A formation resulting from overproduction of scar tissue

Front 44

True or false: Pressure injuries may occur if a long spind board, splint, or PASG is left on a patient for an extended period.

Back 44

True

Front 45

Define necrosis

Back 45

Tissue death, usually from ischemia

Front 46

Define rhabdomyolysis

Back 46

Accute disease that involves the destruction of skeletal muscle

Front 47

What are the 5 types of dressings?

Back 47

Sterile/Nonsterile
Occlusive/Nonocclusive
Adherent/Nonadherent
Absorbent/Nonabsorbent
Wet/Dry

Front 48

What are the 4 types of bandages?

Back 48

Gauze
Adhesive
Elastic
Triangular

Front 49

True or false: No MOI can impact the body without first passing through the skin.

Back 49

True

Front 50

The detailed _________ ____ _______ examination should be performed at the scene only if significant and life-threatening bleeding can be ruled out.

Back 50

head-to-toe

Front 51

True or false: The wound should be observed in such a way that it can later be described to the attending physician.

Back 51

True

Front 52

Unless extensive ___________________ is noted, the management of minor wounds is a late priority in the care of the trauma patient.

Back 52

bleeding or hemorrhage

Front 53

What are the 3 objectives of bandaging?

Back 53

Controlling hemorrhage
Keep the wound clean
Immobilize the wound site

Front 54

To halt hemorrhage, apply __________ _________________ to the site for at least 10 minutes.

Back 54

firm pressure

Front 55

When should a tourniquet be used?

Back 55

Only when bleeding cannot be controlled by any other means

Front 56

True or false: Immobilization is an important, but frequently overlooked, component of hemorrhage control.

Back 56

True

Front 57

Why is it important to frequently check the pressure beneath a bandage?

Back 57

To assure good distal circulation

Front 58

What is the current recommendation for managing an amputated body part?

Back 58

Placing the amputated body part in a bag and immersing the bag in cold water, but not allowing direct contact with ice, and rapid transport.

Front 59

Implaled objects should/should not be removed because of the risk of serious, uncontrollable bleeding.

Back 59

should not

Front 60

What are the only two instances an impaled object should be removed prehospital?

Back 60

The object is impaled in the cheek and compromising airway
The object is impaled in the chest and is preventing CPR

Front 61

What should be anticipated once a crush injury pt is freed from entrapment?

Back 61

Rapid development of shock

Front 62

What is the most prominent symptom symptom of compartment syndrome?

Back 62

Pain out of proportion with the physical findings

Front 63

Severe facial soft-tissue injueies may cause what problem for airway management?

Back 63

The injuries may distort landmarks used for intubation

Front 64

Should an open thoracic wound be explored beyond the edges?

Back 64

No. Probing may create a pneumothorax or induce serious bleeding.

Front 65

Any open wound chest wound should be watched closely for what developments?

Back 65

Pneumothorax or tension pneumothorax

Front 66

Injuries to both the _______________ and _________________ should be suspected if the soft-tissue injury involves the region between the rib margin and the 5th rib anteriorly, the 7th rib laterally, and the 9th rib posteriorly.

Back 66

thorax, abdomen