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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypotonic Hyponatremia: Evaluation
with a Urine osmolarity < 100 mOsm/L |
n Psychogenic polydipsia
n Beer drinker’s potomania n Tea and toast |
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Renal Solute Excretion/Minimum Urine Osmolarity =
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Maximum Renal Water Excretion
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*Daily solute load
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10 mOsm/Kg weight
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Hypovolemic Hyponatremia with a Urine Na > 20 mEq/L is caused by
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n Diuretics
n Mineralcorticoid deficiency n Salt wasting nephropathy n Osmotic diuresis |
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Euvolemic Hyponatremia with
Urine Osm < 100 is caused by |
n Tea and toast
n Beer Potomania n Psychogenic polydipsia |
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Euvolemic Hyponatremia with a Urine Osm > 100 causes include
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n SIADH
n Postoperative n Hypothyroidism n Cortisol deficiency n Endurance exercise n Medications |
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n SIADH
n Postoperative n Hypothyroidism n Cortisol deficiency n Endurance exercise n Medications |
Euvolemic Hyponatremia with a Urine Osm > 100 causes include
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Drugs Associated with euvolemic Hyponatremia
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n Desmopressin (DDAVP)
n Carbamazepine n Antipsychotics/A Antidepressants n Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor n Methylamphetamine |
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n Desmopressin (DDAVP)
n Carbamazepine n Antipsychotics/A Antidepressants n Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor n Methylamphetamine |
Drugs Associated with euvolemic Hyponatremia
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n Clinical euvolemia
n Urinary Na > 20 mEq/L n Absence of adrenal, thyroid or renal disease |
Diagnostic Criteria for SIADH
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Hypervolemic Hyponatremia caused by
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n Edematous states
n Cirrhosis n Congestive heart failure n Nephrotic syndrome n Advanced kidney disease |
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Hypotonic Hyponatremia: Treatment for asymptomatic hypovolemics
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normal saline)
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Hypotonic Hyponatremia: Treatment for Hypervolemics
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Hypervolemic (loop diuretics + water
restriction) |
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Hypotonic Hyponatremia: Treatment of euvolemics
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Water restrict
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the primary defense
against hypernatremia |
thiirst
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Renal concentrating mechanisms requires what
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the creation of a hypertonic medullary interstitium, osmotic equilibration of urine within the collecting duct with the interstitium and the prescence of ADH
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Urine osmolarity of hypernatremia is appropriate if
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n Appropriate if > 400 - 800
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decreased total body water as well as total body sodium causes what?
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Hypovolemic hypernatremia
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decreased total body water as well as total body sodium causes Hypovolemic hypernatremia and if the sodium in the urine is found to be greater than 20 then the hypernatremia is probably due to
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a renal cause like osmotic or loop diuretics or postobstruction
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decreased total body water as well as total body sodium causes Hypovolemic hypernatremia and if the sodium in the urine is found to be less than 20 then the cause is due to
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extrarenal causes such as excess sweating, burns and diarrhea
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a decrease in total body water with no change in sodium results in
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Euvolemic Hypernatremia
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a decrease in total body water with no change in sodium results in results in euvolemic hyponatremia and renal causes are
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Renal losses
n Diabetes insipidus n Hypodipsia (hypothalamic disorders) |
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a decrease in total body water with no change in sodium results in results in euvolemic hyponatremia and extrarenal causes are
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Extrarenal losses
n Insensible losses, respiratory |
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Sodium gains
n Primary hyperaldosteronism n Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate cause |
an increase in TBW and Sodium resulting in hypervolemic hypernatremia
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