Sociology Unit I

Front 1

social structure

Back 1

the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships

Front 2

subculture

Back 2

a segment of society that shares a distinct pattern or mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society

Front 3

counter culture

Back 3

a subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture

Front 4

socialization

Back 4

patterns of behavior and attitudes that emerge throughout the life course, from infancy to old age.

Front 5

nature vs. nurture

aka (heredity versus environment)

Back 5

the argument over the relative importance of biological inheritance and environmental factors in human development

Front 6

folkway

Back 6

a norm governing everyday behavior whose violation raises comparatively little concern

Front 7

ethnocentrism

Back 7

the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all the others

Front 8

culture relativism

Back 8

the viewing of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture

Front 9

sapir-whorf hypothesis

Back 9

a hypothesis concerning the role of language in shaping our interpretation of reality. it holds that language is culturally determined.

Front 10

resocialization

Back 10

the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life.

Front 11

primary groups

Back 11

a small group characterized bu intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation

Front 12

secondary groups

Back 12

a formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding

Front 13

role conflict

Back 13

the situation that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person

Front 14

role strain

Back 14

the difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations

Front 15

master status

Back 15

a status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position in society

Front 16

an open, stated, and conscious function

ex) direct function you get get from going to school (direct functions)

Back 16

Manifest Function

Front 17

an unconscious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes

ex) fight with someone who took your parking spot and then realize you have something in common with that person (something you don’t expect or something in the back of your mind)

Back 17

Latent Function

Front 18

anyone who feels disoriented, uncertain, out of place or even fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture

ex) a US citizen who goes to China wants meat for dinner and they may be shocked to find out the specialty is dog meat in China

Back 18

Cultural Shock

Front 19

characteristics:
1. seeing the gneral in particular
2. seeing the strange in the familiar
3. seeing seeing things as for the very first time
4. society resides within the individual

Back 19

Peter Burger - The Sociological Perspective ??

Front 20

a status that dominated others and determines a persons position in society

ex) Arthur Ashe was a well-known tennis star. He died of AIDS. His status as a well-known star with AIDS outweighed his status as a retired athlete

Back 20

Master Status

Front 21

sees inequality in gender as central to all behavior and orgnization. people who folllow this tend to focus on the work of Marx and Engels

Back 21

Feminist Perspective

Front 22

since societies are bound to change people shouldn't be so critical of present social arrangements

Back 22

Herbert Spencer

Front 23

an awareness of the relationship between an individual and society. this awareness allows us to understand the links between our immediate, personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world that surrounds and shapes us

Back 23

C. Wright Mills - the Sociological Imagination

Front 24

he believed that knowledge was essential in combating prejudice and achieving tolerance and justice. he helped fund the NAACP

Back 24

W.E.B. Dubois

Front 25

individual who is most important in the development of the self, such as a parent, teacher or friend

Back 25

Significant Others

Front 26

attitudes and viewpoints and expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior

Back 26

Generalized Other

Front 27

Verstehen – value free sociology. Before you can understand racism, child abuse, dilemmas in gay community you need to be value free first. Step in other peoples shoes

Back 27

Max Weber - Verstehen/Bureaucracy

Front 28

Jack Douglas - Relevance of Sociology

Back 28

speaks of causes of social problems not just a viewpoint, does not rely on common sense, objectivity - employs the scientific method, in order to create order man has created order, involved vs. removed

Front 29

Zimbardo Prison Study

Back 29

a mock prison experiemnt where students took over the roles as guards in a prison and prisoners themselves

Front 30

Sigmund Freud

Back 30

psychoanalysis. self influenced by parents and by inborn drives, such as the drive for sexual gratification

Front 31

BF Skinner

Back 31

if given a baby he believed he could mold him or her into anything he wanted them to be. from a serial killer to a teacher.

Front 32

Harlow Experiment

Back 32

two monkeys were presented. a wire mesh one that gave milk and and a cloth covered one. the baby monkeys went to the wire mother for milk but clung more to the cloth mother because of their need for warmth and comfort.

Front 33

Irving Goffman

Back 33

coined the term total institution. self developed through the impressions we convey to others and to groups

Front 34

impression management

Back 34

early in life the individual learns to slant his or her presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences

Front 35

symbolic interaction

Back 35

interacting with others using gestures you are familiar with and learn from your culture

Front 36

Stanely Milgram - Shock Experiment

Back 36

learners would take memory tests and every time the got a question wrong their teacher would shock them. the experimenter told the teacher it was ok to shock the learners and they quickly obeyed and conformed to do whatevert he experimenter wanted

Front 37

Gemeinschaft

Back 37

rural life, people share feeling of community because they have similar backgrounds, social interactions are intimate/familiar, maintain a cooperation and unity of will, tasks and personal relationships cannot be separated, little privacy, informal social control, not tolerant of deviance, social change is limited

Front 38

Gesellschaft

Back 38

urban life, little sense of commonality, differences among each other, social interactions are impersonal, self-interest dominates, task is more important than relationships which are subordinate, privacy valued, formal social control, appraisal for achieved statuses, social change is evident esp. with each generation

Front 39

Emile Durkheim - study of suicide

Back 39

suicide is related to group life. suicide rates of a society reflected whether people were or were not a part of group life in the society. suicide rates will rise and fall in conjunction with certain social and economic changes