Sociology Unit 1 & 2

Front 1

What is sociology?

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The systematic study of human society and social interaction... How people act around each other.

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Sociological Imagination

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The ability to see relationship between individual experiences and larger social influences. Relies on both micro sociology and Macro sociology.

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Macro sociology

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The study of large scale patterns and process that characterize society as a whole.

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Micro sociology

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A sociological approach that examines the patterns of individuals social interaction in specific settings.

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Sociological Theories

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How and why group disagree, struggle over power, and compete for scarce resources

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Auguste Comte

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Study of sociology, social statics and social dynamics.

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Emile Durkheim

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Division of labor, social integration, and suicide

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Karl Marx

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View on industrial society, class conflict, and capitalism

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Max Weber

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Social organization, direct observational understanding, explanatory understanding, and value free sociology

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Jane Addams

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Key contributions to sociology

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Harriet Martineau

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Key contributions to sociology

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W.E.B. Du Bois

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Key contributions to sociology

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Manifest function

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Purposes and activities that are intended and recognized, they are present and clearly evident

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Latent Function

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Purposes and activities that are unintended and recognized , they are present but not immediately obvious

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Dysfunction

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Social patterns that have a negative impact on a group of society.

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Liberal Feminism

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Emphasizes social and legal reform to create equal opportunities for women.

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Radical Feminism

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Sees male domination in social institutions as the major cause of women's inequality.

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Global Feminism

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Focuses on how the intersection of gender with race, social class, and colonization has exfoliated women in the devolving world.

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Symbols

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A micro level perspective that examines individuals everyday behavior through the the communication of knowledge, ideas, beliefs, and attitudes.

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Subjective

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Based on or influenced by personal feelings, taste, or opinions

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Social Research

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The systematic study of human

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Why is social research important in our everyday life?

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Creates knowledge, exposes myths, behavioral explanations, social policy influences, and critical thinking skills of everyday life

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Scientific Method

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A research process that includes careful data collected, exact measurement, accurate recording and analysis of the findings

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Concept

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An abstract, idea, mental image, or general notation that represents some aspect of our social life.

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Variable

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Independent, Dependent, and control

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Independent Variable

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A characteristic that has an effect on the dependent variable

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Dependent variable

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The outcome which may be affected by the independent variable.

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Control Variable

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A characteristic that is constant and unchanged during the research process

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Hypothesis

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A statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables

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Reliability

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The consistency with which the same measure produce similar results time after time

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Validity

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The degree to which a measure is accurate and really measures what it claims to measure

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Deductive Reasoning

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An inquiry process that begins with a theory, prediction, or general principle that is then tested through data collection

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Inductive Reasoning

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An inquiry process that begins with a specific observation, followed by data collection, a conclusion about patterns or regularities, and the formulation of hypothesis that can lead theory construction

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Population

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Any well defined group of people about which researchers want to know something

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Sample

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A group of people that is a representative of the population they wish to study.

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Probability Sample

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A sample in which each person has an equal chance of being selected because the selection is random

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Nonpropability Sample

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A sample for which there is little or no attempt to get a representative cross section of the population

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The Research Proccess

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1. Choose topic

2.Summarize related research

3.Formulate Hypothesis or ask research question

4.Describe data collection methods

Front 39

Qualitative Research

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Nonnumerical materials that then interpret

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Quantative Research

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Focused on numerical analysis

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Correlation and causation

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The strength of the relationship between variable

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Surveys

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Systematic method for collecting data from respondents, including questionnaires, face to face or telephone interviews, or a combination

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Secondary analysis

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Examination of data that have been collected by someone else.

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Field Research

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Data collected by systematic observing people in their natural surroundings

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Content Analysis

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Data collection method that systematically examines some form of communication

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Experiment

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Carefully controlled artificial situation that allows researchers to manipulate variables and measure the effects

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Evaluation Research

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Data collection method that uses all of the standard data collection methods