Sociology Test 1

Front 1

What is the Social Conflict world view and what are the criticisms of it?

Back 1

Macro-level. Society operates to benefit some categories of people and harm others.
How do advantaged people protect their privileges?
How do disadvantaged people challenge the system seeking change?

Front 2

What is the Structural-Functional world view and the criticisms of it?

Back 2

Macro-level. Society is a system of interrelated parts that is relatively stable. If one part changes it effects the rest of the system.
How is society held together and what are the major parts?

Front 3

What is the Symbolic-Interaction world view and the criticisms of it?

Back 3

Micro-level. society is an ongoing process.
How do people experience society?
How do people shape the reality they experience?

Front 4

What are the 3 social changes in European history that contributed to the development of sociology?

Back 4

1. Industrialization (more factories, people)
2. Urbanization
3. Political Revolution (no longer being a serf but working in a factory)

Front 5

What are the 4 benefits of the sociological perspective?

Back 5

1. Helps us assess the truth of common sense
2. Helps us assess both opportunities and constraints in our lives
3. Empowers us to be active participants in our society.
4. Helps us to live in a diverse world.

Front 6

What are the strengths and weaknesses of
1. Survey
2. Participant Observation
3. Experiment
4. Secondary data and analysis or existing data.

Back 6

1. S- sampling and using questionnaires allows surveys of large populations and in-depth responses.
W- must be carefully prepared and may yield a low return rate as expensive.
2. S- Allows study of 'natural' behavior, inexpensive.
W-time-consuming, replication is difficult.
3. S- Provides greatest opportunity to specify cause-and-effect relationships; easy.
W- Lab settings have an artificial quality results may be biased.
4. S- Saves time and expense of data collection, makes historical research possible.
W- Researcher has no control over possible biases in data. Data may not meet needs.

Front 7

What do these terms mean and apply them to a policy of your choice.
1. Manifest Function
2. Latent Function
3. Social Dis-function

Back 7

1. The recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
MORE JOBS CREATED IN AMERIECA
2. Largely unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern
ECONOMIC BOOM, MORE IMMIGRANTS, WELFARE TAX WOULD DECREASE BECAUSE LESS PEOPLE WOULD BE ON IT.
3. The undesirable consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society.
HIGHER PRICES IN PRODUCTS TO PAY WORKERS, LESS LAND BECAUSE IT'S NEEDED FOR NEW PEOPLE,

Front 8

What is sociology?

Back 8

The systematic study of human society.

Front 9

What is sociology interested in the individual or the group?

Back 9

Group behavior and how groups influence individuals and how individuals influence groups.

Front 10

What is the sociological perspective? (Three answers)

Back 10

1. Open a window onto unfamiliar worlds
2. Stresses the social context in which people live.
2. Questions how groups influence people, especially how people are influenced by society.

Front 11

What is solidarity?

Back 11

The level of connectedness and integration a person feels to others in the environment.

Front 12

What is social control?

Back 12

the social mechanisms that regulate a person's actions. (self control)

Front 13

What are solidarity and social control a part of?

Back 13

Social integration.

Front 14

What is an egoistic suicide?

Back 14

suicides that result from a lack of solidarity.

Front 15

What is an altruistic suicide?

Back 15

Suicides that occur when the level of solidarity is exceptionally high.

Front 16

What is a fatalistic suicide?

Back 16

Suicides that result from a lack of social control.

Front 17

What is an anomic suicide?

Back 17

Suicides that occur as a result of social unrest (9/11 jumpers)

Front 18

What was Durkeim's theory on?

Back 18

Suicide which proposed two forces determined weather a person will take their life. (Solidarity and Social Control)

Front 19

What is Wright Mills' sociological imagination theory?

Back 19

The ability to look beyond the individual as the cause for success and failure and see how one's society influences the outcome. (Steve Jobs and Bill Gates who were exposed to technology and developed their technology from it... would they have done that if they grew up in a rural area?)

Front 20

What is the small scale perspective?

Back 20

Micro

Front 21

What is the large scale perspective?

Back 21

Macro

Front 22

What is positivism?

Back 22

A way of understanding based on science

Front 23

Who is considered the "Father of Sociology"?

Back 23

Auguste Comte.

Front 24

What were Comte's three stages?

Back 24

1. Theological Stage (poor cause God didn't like you.)
2. Metaphysical stage (World is not the center, other things out there.)
3. Scientific Stage (don't say 'because God said so...')

Front 25

What's a theory?

Back 25

A statement of how and why facts are related.

Front 26

What's the Theoretical Paradigm?

Back 26

A set of fundamental assumptions that guides thinking and research.

Front 27

What's an Anomie?

Back 27

A societal condition in which individuals receive little moral guidance.

Front 28

What's mechanical solidarity?

Back 28

Social bonds based on shared moral sentiments that unite members of postindustrial society.

Front 29

What's organic solidarity?

Back 29

Social bonds based on specialization, that unite members of industrial societies.

Front 30

Who wrote the first sociological text book, Principals of Sociology?

Back 30

Herbert Spencer.

Front 31

What are some criticisms of Functionalism?

Back 31

doesn't take into consideration wealth and power on the formation of society and functionalists emphasize the social structures of society and are accused of supporting the status quo.

Front 32

What are the 4 acts of alienation?

Back 32

1. Alienation from the act of working.
2. Alienation from the product of work.
3. Alienation from other workers.
4. Alienation from human potential.

Front 33

What is the key point of Marxism?

Back 33

Marxism is not the same as communism, communism is a later application of his ideas.

Front 34

What are the 2 classes of the communist party?

Back 34

1. Bourgeoisie- own means of production.
2. Proletariat- Do not own means of production.

Front 35

What is class conflict?

Back 35

The struggle between classes usually over the distribution of wealth and power in a society.

Front 36

What is class consciousness?

Back 36

Workers' recognition of their unity as a class in opposition to bourgeoisie and, ultimately, to capitalism itself.

Front 37

What is the idea that interaction is guided by what each person stands to gain and lose from others?

Back 37

Social-exchange analysis

Front 38

What are the 4 idea types of sociological methodologies?

Back 38

1.Ontology- society is like...
2. Epistemology- how can society best be studied?
3. Methodology- How can you collect valid data to support beliefs?
4.Methods- What research methods are best to produce valid data needed to support beliefs?

Front 39

What is positive correlation?

Back 39

Two variables that move parallel

Front 40

What is negative correlation?

Back 40

Two variables that move in opposite directions.

Front 41

What is spurious correlation?

Back 41

When two variables appear to be related but actually have a different cause.

Front 42

What are the six basic steps of social research?

Back 42

1. Decide on a topic
2. Review the literature
3. Develop a hypothesis
4. Collect data
5. Analyze results
6. Share and publish results

Front 43

What is a questionnaire?

Back 43

A series of written questions a researcher presents to subjects.

Front 44

What is a close-ended question?

Back 44

A series of fixed responses; easy to analyze but narrows range of responses.

Front 45

What is an open-ended question?

Back 45

a free response question.

Front 46

What is data based on numbers?

Back 46

Quantitative data

Front 47

What is data based on words, pictures, photos, or any other type of information that come to the researcher in a non-numeric form?

Back 47

Qualitative data

Front 48

What is a type of research in which the sociologist looks for common words or themes in a newspapers, books, or structured interviews?

Back 48

Content Analysis

Front 49

What is an attempt to observe a social milieu objectively and take part in the activities of people they're trying to study? (Move in the culture to experience culture)

Back 49

Participation Observation