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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
aggregates
collections of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time
bureaucracy
an organization characterized by a division of labor, a hierarchical authority, an impersonality in administration and explicity written rules
coercive organization
groups, such as prisons an mental hospitals, of which people become members unvoluntarily
conformity
behavior that complies with the norms of a group or society
dyad
group composed of two people
expressive leadership
group-directed leadership that emphasizes the well-being of the group and provides emotional support for its members
formal organizations
large, highly structured groups organized to achieve specific goals
gemeinschaft
preindustrial societies where social relationships are based upon the primary group thies of friendship, kinship and intergenerational stability
gesellschaft
large, urban, impersonal society characterized by little consensus on values and by specialized social bonds based upon individual self-interest
goal displacement
subordination of the stated goals of the organization in favor of continued survival of the organization or the oligarchy that runs the organization
groupthink
the tendency of group members to conform to a decision that many individual members privately believe is ill-advised
in-group
group that commans loyalty and respect, typically from its ,members
instrumental leadership
goal-directed leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks
iron law of the oligarchy
tendency of large bureaucratic organizations tobe run by a small group of people
mechanical solidarity
characteristic of preinmdustrial societies; minimal division of labor, people are united by tradition, shared social bonds and shared values
normative organizations
groups that people voluntarily join to pursue a goal, cause or value believed to be worthwhile, and which does not directly enable their personal material enrichment
organic solidarity
social bonds characteristic of industrial societies that are based upon specialization and interdependence that occur as the division of labor becomes increasinly extensive
out-group
scorned group towards which one feels opposition, competiveness, and even disgust
primary group
small group of people who interact frequently with one another and shore strong emotional ties
reference group
group taken as a basis of comparison for making evaluations and decisions about others and ourselves
secondary group
impersonal, and frequently larger, group whose members interact for the purpose of pursuing a shared goal or activity
social group
tow or more people engaged in sustained interaction with each other and who identify with one another
social network
web of ties between people within a society or large group
triad
group consisting of three people
utilitarian organizations
groups joined voluntarily in pursuit of material rewards that will directly enrich the participant
bureaucracy
specialization of tasks-hierachy of offices and authority-written rules and regulations-technical competence-impersonality
Weber
ideal-intentionally guides and regulated organized activities/reality-behave informally, circumvent and resist