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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Construction
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involves the construction of objects, knowledge, and rules for behavior that we come to share collectively
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World Construction
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-Constructing culture- three areas of culture
-Constructing the self-socialization -Constructing society-social structure, status, role, institutions |
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Culture
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-Consists of all that we as humans construct in establishing relationships both to the natural world and with each other
-The knowledge that members of a social organization share -Shared truths, values, rules, behaviors, ect. |
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Three Components of Culture
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-Material Culture
-Cognitive Culture -Normative Culture |
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Material Culture
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encompasses all that we make use of as humans (tools, technology
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Cognitive Culture
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consists of our mental and symbolic representations of reality, includes what we believe, value, think, and know, language is part of cognitive culture
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Normative Culture
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consists of our shared rules for behavior, norms provide us with taken-for-granted guides to make action and interaction possible
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Normative Culture: Folkways
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norms that provide a general guideline in our daily lives but allow for some variability
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Normative Culture: Mores
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big norms that are strict and collectively shared laws
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Subculture
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subcultures emerge in resistance to dominant culture, reacting against blocked economic opportunities, lack of social mobility, alienation, adult authority, and the “banality of suburban life”
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Counterculture
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a group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles
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Customs
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a role or norm of action, followed by everyone, everyone is expected to know customs, practices followed by an entire society
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Status
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describes the positions we occupy relative to others
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Master Status
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a status that seems to dominate the perception other have of us, regardless of other status positions we might occupy (gender, race/ethnicity)
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Achieved Status
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social positions that the individual can adopt or come to occupy (being a student or parent)
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Ascribed Status
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statuses that are assigned at birth and are difficult to change (gender)
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Roles
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refer to the actions expects of occupants of statuses
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Socialization
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the process by which the world that we have collectively created shapes how we individually think and act
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Dramaturgy
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-Bottom-up approach in sociology: views structure as a consequence of individual action
-Argues that we can study interaction as if we were all actors on a stage -In all our interactions in our everyday lives we are attempting to carry out successful performances equivalent to putting on a play |
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Frontstage
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term for the setting, or frame, in which behaviors are designed to impress or influence others and in which impression management is important
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Backstage
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term for setting, or frame, in which impression management is not needed
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Eight Elements of Thought
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-Purpose: goals, objectives
-Question at issue: problem, issue -Information: data, facts, reasons, observations, experiences, evidence -Interpretation and inference: conclusions, solutions -Concepts: theories, definitions, laws, principles, models -Assumptions: presuppositions, axioms, taking for granted -Implications and consequences -Point of view: frames of reference, perspectives, orientations |
