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28 Cards in this Set
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•criminalanthropology” the study of physical traits to identify criminals
•Heconsidered criminals evolutionary throwbacks (Neanderthals) •Studieddead prisoners in Italy and identified they had more ape like features which hebelieved translated to more instinct based behavior rather |
Lombroso |
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•“organicinferiority”
•Statedthat the “born criminal” is a scientific reality •Studiedphysical traits of classes of criminals and drew connections between them: |
Hooten |
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•lookedat body types to determine if there were correlations to personality types
1.Endomorphic (round/soft)2.Ectomorphic(thin/linear)3.Mesomorphic(rugged/muscular) •Hasa nature vs nurture quandary (XYY, Testosterone)•SupportedEugenics as a solution |
Sheldon |
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•)theory of “inherited criminal tendencies” are genetically predisposed astransmitted by parents
•Causescould be an improperly developed nervous system •Morerecent theories focus on neurotransmitters like serotonin moving intopsychiatric criminal determination •Researchcontinues today (James Fallon) |
Mednick |
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thebelief that due to improper socialization and poor childhood the ego and superego fail to develop adequately to balance the id (instincts and impulses.
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Psychoanalytic Theory |
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statesthat deviance emerges from unequal access to resources.
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strain theory |
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Whatare Merton’s Four forms of deviance
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1.Innovators2.Ritualists3.Retreatists4.Rebels
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•Examinescausality in conformity over deviance
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control theory |
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•weall have the bad wolf but our bond to society helps us feed the good wolf (151)1.Attachment to others2.Commitment to conformity3.Involvement in conventional activities4.Belief in the moral validity of SocialRules
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Hirschi |
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howwe excuse our deviant behavior by minimizing the impact of non-conformity
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neautralization |
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theculture of deviance is indoctrinated as evidence by changes in ethnicpopulations
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cultural transmission |
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this person said deviant behavior creates social cohesion |
Durkheim |
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Society aims to restrain deviant behavior to control for socialdysfunction
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Dysfunctionality of Deviance |
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symbolic system which behavior "good" "bad" "right" "wrong" |
moral code |
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behavior fails to conform to rules /norms of group |
deviant behavior |
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other peoples responses to a person's behavior, rewards and punishments |
external means of control |
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rewards and penalties that a groups numbers use to regulate an individuals behavior |
sanctions |
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smiles, pats on back, handshakes, congrats, hugs |
informal positive sanctions |
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frowns, gossip, impolite treatment |
informal negative sanctions |
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presentation of awards, degrees, money rewards |
formal positive sanctions |
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fines, impriosnment |
formal negative sanctions |
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condition of normalessness in which norms no longer have impact and culture no longer provides guidelines for behavior |
anomie |
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believed american society pushes individuals toward deviance by overemphasizing importance of monetary success |
Robert K Merton |
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accept cuturally validated goal of success but find deviant ways of going about reaching it |
innovators |
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reject importance of success once they realize they will never acheieve it |
ritualists |
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pull back from society and dont pursue culture goals |
retreatists |
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assumes laws are merely a formal version of the norms and values of the people |
consensus approach |
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elite use their power to enact laws that support their own economic interests |
conflict approach |
