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45 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Define Sociology
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the study of human behavior in society
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According to the sociological imagination, what would explain the current high numbers of college graduates moving back in with their families?f
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(the ability to see the social patterns that influence individual and group life) lack of jobs |
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What are the basic dimensions society according to Max Weber?
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economic political cultural |
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Whose work is the basis for conflict theory?
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Karl Marx
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Define verstehen
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understanding social behavior, from the point of view of those engaged in it Living in someone's shoes |
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In terms of how they studied sociology, what did Durkheim, Marx, and Weber have in common?
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theoretical classical thinkers
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Emile Durkenheim's work is the foundation for what major theoretical perspective?
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functionalism
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According to Karl Marx, what is capitalism based on?
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the pursuit of profit and the sanctity of private property-- competition for scarce resources
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Weber was concerned with the responsibility of sociologists. What did he state that sociologist should do for their students? |
to teach students the uncomfortable truth about the world
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According to the text, explain the problem of the color line as described by W.E.B. DuBois
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dual/double consciousness-- black people always seeing themselves as others see them led to black people always being alert of how others see them, but also developed a strong collective identity people of color most likely to be disadvantaged by economic stress |
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"Inequality is inevitable and functional for society" This statement best represents which theoretical perspective
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conflict theory
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How does sociology differ from media programs that feature human problems?
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media don't have to back up what they put out there with evidence sociology requires evidence to back claims |
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How do sociologists believe that problems persist in the US? |
They believe problems are embedded in society
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What does Peter Berger's concept of debunking refer to?
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the ability to look behind things taken for granted, looking instead to the origin of the social behavior
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What role do sociologists play while conducting their research on society?
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Sociologist achieve critical distance through their willingness to question the forces that shape behavior
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What were the conditions that led to the development of sociology?
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emerged in Western Europe during the Enlightenment and was influenced by the values of critical thinking, humanitarianism, and positivism
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What terms did Marx use for those people in society who are discarded by society and for those in the working class?
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the lumpenproletariat the proletariat |
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When one part of society isn't working, it affects the rest of society and causes social problems. Which theory does this represent?
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Functionalism
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In what way does symbolic interactionism theory differ from conflict theory and functionalism?
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Symbolic interactionism theory is a micro framework that focuses on individual interactions rather than looking at society as a whole
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What is the fundamental principle or lesson of sociology?
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it is not possible to truly understand human behavior
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Weber theorized that value-free sociology could not exist since values would always influence what sociologists considered worthy of study. Because they could not be completely value-free, what did Weber believe that sociologists should do?
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acknowledge the influence of values and so that ingrained beliefs would not interfere with objectivity
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According to Marx, how is class conflict related to society? |
social change arises from tensions that are inherent in a capitalist system- the conflict between the capitalist and the working class
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What do we call theoretical frameworks that center on face-to-face social interaction? |
microsociology
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Is it true or false that all human behavior occurs within a societal context? |
True
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From a sociological perspective, is it true or false that concerns with styles and personal appearance are the product of social forces? |
True
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A college graduate examines her income and wealth in relation to others. What topic is she is interested in? |
socioeconomics
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What are the names of the statuses in caste systems compared to class systems?
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ascribed status: upper caste lower caste out caste |
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What is the position one holds in relation to the economic, political, social and cultural resources in a society is called?
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social class
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If an individual discovers he has certain opportunities to succeed, what is he examining?
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life chances
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What do sociologists use to measure social class?
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indicators such as income, education, occupation, and place of residence
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Explain occupational prestige ratings
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subjective evaluation people give to jobs
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A system in which one’s status is based on accomplishments is called what?
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meritocracy
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What’s the difference between intergenerational and intragenerational mobility?
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intergeneration is when change happens within a single lifetime intragenerational is when change happens through the course of multiple generations |
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What is the perception that a class structure exists and the feeling of shared identification with others in one’s class is referred to as?
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class consciousness
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According to which perspective do the most vital jobs in society usually receive the greatest economic rewards?
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Functionalism
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What does the poverty line refer to?
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the amount of money needed to support the basic needs of a household, as determined by the government
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What is global stratification? How is it different from social stratification in the U.S?
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is the separation/designation of different countries based upon wealth social stratification in the US is different because the poorest of our people are no where's near as poor as the poorest people globally |
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How much of the world’s income does the richest 20 percent of the world's population control?
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75-80 percent
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What are global migrants characterized by?
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poverty and lack of education
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What are Social Capital, Cultural Capital, and Economic Capital? How are they related?
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Who you know What you know What you have The more you have the more life chances you have |
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Explain gentrification.
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the process of renovating and improving a house or district in a poor community so that it conforms to middle-class taste
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What does it mean to have and to use a sociological imagination? Give an example
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put yourself in someone else's shoes
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Define disenchantment |
Not believing in the miracles of religion and depending more upon hard work and science
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Define anomie |
lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group
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Define alienation
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Karl Marx's theory of alienation describes the estrangement of people from aspects of their "species-essence" as a consequence of living in a society of stratified social classes. The alienation from the self is a consequence of being a mechanistic part of a social class, which condition estranges a person from their humanity
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