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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solidarity
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level of connectedness and integration one feels to others in the environment
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Social Control
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social mechanisms that regulate a persons actions
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Conflict Theory
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views society as an unequal system that brings about conflict and change
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Symbolic Interactionism
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focuses on how people interact with others in their everyday lives
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Paradigm
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theoretical framework through which scientists study the world
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Emile Durkheim
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Viewed society as an organism
One of the first true sociologists Mechanical solidarity: state of community bonding in traditional societies in which people share beliefs and values Organic Solidarity: people live in a society with a diverse division of labor |
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Karl Marx
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analyzed capitalism
Bourgeoisie, proletariat, false consciousness, class consciousness |
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Bourgeoisie
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members of the capitalist class
own most of the wealth control businesses |
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Proletariat
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poor working class
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False Consciousness
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lack of understanding of position in society
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Class Consciousness
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knowing place in society
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W.E.B Dubois
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African American
Interested in racial inequality Poverty was a result of prejudice and discrimination |
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Dramaturgy
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life is like acting
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Objectivity
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ability to conduct research without allowing personal biases or prejudices to influence them
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Causal relationship
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one condition leads to a certain consequence
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Causation
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relationship between cause and effect
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Correlation
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one factor MIGHT be a cause for another
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Spurious Correlation
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appear to be related, but actually are not
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Six Steps of Social Research
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Decide on a Topic
Review the Literature Develop a Hypothesis Collect Data Analyze Results Share and Publish Results |
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Hawthorne Effect
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people act differently because they know they are being studied
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Ethnography
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aims to understand the social perspective and cultural values of a particular group by participating with or getting to known their activities in detail
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Ethics
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system of values or principles that guide one's behavior
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Quantitative
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data of numbers
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Qualitatitve
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data of words, pictures, photos, etc.
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Triangulation
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uses multiple approaches to study one thing
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Material culture
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items in a culture that you can taste, touch, or feel
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Non material culture
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nonphysical products such as symbols, values, rules, etc.
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Sanction
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prize or punishment you receive when you either abide by a norm or violate it
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Ethnocentrism
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using your culture to judge another
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Xenophobia
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fear of other cultures or people form different countries
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Cultural relativism
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making an effort to appreciate a groups way of life
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Normative relativism
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evaluation of a society based on that society's norms
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Cultural lag
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social and cultural changes occur slower that technology
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Multiculturalism
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supporting and understanding other cultures
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Assimilation
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minority groups adopt the patterns of the dominant culture
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Social Structure
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patterns of relationships that endure through generations
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Primary Groups
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small, intimate and enduring
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Secondary Groups
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formal, superficial, and temporary
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Achieved Status
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reached or earned
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Ascribed Status
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born with or given
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master status
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what we all gravitate towards
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Roles expectations
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anticipated behaviors of a certain role
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Role performance
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whether or not you play the role you are in
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Role Conflict
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having to choose between the demands of multiple roles
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Discredited stigma
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can't be hidden from others
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Discreditable stigma
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can be hidden from others
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Social institutions
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structures that provide for patterned relationships
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Gemeinschaft
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community connections involving personal relationships based on friendship and kinship ties, such as family
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Gesellschaft
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societal connections that are formal and impersonal
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Personal space
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invisible bubble that each of us has around us that insulates us from others
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Intimate distance
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reserved for those with whom we are very close
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Personal distance
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ranges from 18 inches to 4 feet
NORMAL CONVOS |
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Social distance
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4 to 12 feet
formal settings |
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Public Distance
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very formal
12 feet |
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Impression Management
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management of impressions on others
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Front stage
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what the audience sees
part of us we present to people |
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Backstage
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demeanor that incorporates our true feelings and beliefs
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Embarrassment
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occurs when we realize our act had failed
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Face-Saving work
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reaction to embarrassment
ex: humor, anger or retreat |
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Socialization
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process that teaches the norms, values, and other aspects of a culture to new members
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Primary socialization
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childhood
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Secondary Socialization
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occurs throughout the rest of our lives
AFTER childhood |
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Nature theory
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genes are primary cause of human behaviors
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Nurture theory
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environment influences how we think
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Looking-Glass Self
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self develops through process of reflection
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"I-Self"
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subjective part of self
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"Me Self"
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objective part of self
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Herbert Meads Three Stages of the I-Me Self
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Imitation stage- birth to 2
Play- 4 to 4 play roles of people in their lives Game stage- never ends |
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Hedonism
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seeking pleasure over pain
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Morality of Justice
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based of rule of law
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Morality of Care
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how best to help those in need
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Authoritative parenting
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parents listen to child input while consistently enforcing the present rules
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Permissive parenting
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parents provide high levels of support but inconsistent discipline
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Authoritarian parenting
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high social control
low levels of emotional support |
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Total Institutions
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isolate people from outside influences when resocializing
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Title IX
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educational amendment preventing the exclusion of any person form participation of education based on gender
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Dyad
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two people
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Triad
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three people
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Autocratic leaders
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leaders who determine the group policies and assign tasks
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Democratic leaders
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strive to set group policy by discussion and agreement
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Groupthink
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term for group decisions that are made without objective thought
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Social capital
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refers to the individual and collective resources available to a person
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Formal Organizations
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created for a certain purpose and built for maximum efficiency
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Voluntary Association
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joining a group that offers no pay and expands social networks through interaction
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Organizations
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social groups aimed towards a goal
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Utilitarian Organizations
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wages for work
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Normative Organizations
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exist to achieve a worthwhile goal
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Coercive Organizations
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people are forced to join
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Bureaucracies
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formal organizations that are organized into hierarchy of small departments
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Iron Cage
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Workers feel trapped
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Social Stratification
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ranking of people and the rewards they receive based on objective criteria
WEALTH, POWER, PRESTIGE |
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Income
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money you make from work or investments
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Wealth
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all possessions including income
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Transitional poverty
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temporary
(loses a job) |
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Marginal poverty
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person lacks stable employment
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Residual poverty
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chronic and multigenerational
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Absolute poverty
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lacks resources to stay alive
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Relative poverty
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comparative poverty
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Power
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ability to carry out your will and impose it on others
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Prestige
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level of esteem associated with ones status and social standing
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Social mobility
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ability to move between social classes
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Horizontal mobility
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within the same status
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Vertical mobility
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from one social status to another
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Intragenerational
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individual changing social standing in the workplace
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Intergenerational
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family members make a change from one social class to another thoughout generations
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Exchange mobility
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each social class contains a fixed number of people
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Global stratification
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categorization of countries based on wealth, power, and prestige
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Social Stratification Systems
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slavery, caste and class systems
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Chattel Slavery
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slave is considered property
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Contract Slavery
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signs a contract
receives food and shelter threatened if they try to leave |
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Caste system
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permanently fixed place based on power or position
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Rentiers
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WEBER
wealthy members of society |
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Entrepreneurs
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bussiness class
WEBER |
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Petite Bourgeosie
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small business owners
WEBER |
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Bureaucrats
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manage business and gov''t agencies
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Demography
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study of population size and composition
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Crude Birth Rate
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births per 1000 people each year
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Baby Boomers
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born after WWII
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Scapegoat
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unfair accusation towards a person or group as a cause of a problem
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Cycle of Poverty
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prevent poor from breaking into middle and upper class
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Calalai
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CHICK WITH A DICK
woman who acts like a man |
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Calabai
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MAN WITH A VAG
man who acts like a woman |
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Bissu
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acts like a mix of man/woman
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Human Capital Model
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men and women bring different things to workplace
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Medicare
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OLD
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Medicaid
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poor and disabled
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Young-Old
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65-75
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Old-Old
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over 75
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Sandwiched Generation
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takes care of their children and their parents
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Family
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2 or more people related by blood, marriage or adoption
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Polygyny
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man marrying two or more women
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Polyandry
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woman marrying two or more men
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Homogamy
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marriage between people with similar backgrounds
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Endogamy
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marrying within your social group
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Exogamy
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marriage outside of your social group
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