Sociology Final Chapter 13

Front 1

the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by some people and groups.

Back 1

politics

Front 2

the formal organization that hs the legal and political authority to regulate the relationships among members of a society and between the society and those outside its borders.

Back 2

government

Front 3

the political entity that possesses a legitimate monopoly over the use of force within its territory to acheive its goals.

Back 3

state

Front 4

according to max weber, the ability of persons or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others

Back 4

power

Front 5

power that people accept as legitimate rather than coercive.

Back 5

authority

Front 6

the process by which charismatic authority is succeeded by a bureaucracy controlled by a rationally establised authority or by a combination of traditional and bureaucratic authority.

Back 6

routinization of charisma

Front 7

a political system in which power resides in one person or family and is passed from generation to generation through lines of inheritance

Back 7

monarchy

Front 8

a political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government.

Back 8

authoritarianism

Front 9

a political system in which the state seeks to regulate all aspects of peoples public and private lives.

Back 9

totalitarianism

Front 10

a politcal system in which the people hold the ruling power either directly or through elected representatives.

Back 10

democracy

Front 11

an analysis of political systems that views power as widely dispersed throughout many competing interest groups.

Back 11

pluralist model

Front 12

organisations of special interest groups that solicit contributions from donors and fund campaigns to help elect canidates based on their stances on specific issues.

Back 12

political action committees (PACs)

Front 13

a view of society that sees power in political systems as being concentrated in the hands of a small group of elites whereas the masses are relatively powerless.

Back 13

elite model

Front 14

an organization whose purpose is to gain and hold legitimate control of government

Back 14

political party

Front 15

the process by which people learn political attitudes, values, and behavior.

Back 15

politcal socialization

Front 16

the mutual interdependence of the military establishment and private military contractors.

Back 16

military-industrial complex

Front 17

the social institution that ensures the maintenance of society through the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Back 17

primary sector production

Front 18

the sector of the economy that processes raw materials (from the primary sector) into finished goods.

Back 18

secondary sector production

Front 19

the sector of the economy that is involved in the provision of services rather than the goods.

Back 19

teriary sector production

Front 20

an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, from which personal profits can be derived through market competition and without government intervention.

Back 20

capitalism

Front 21

large scale organization that have legal powers, such as the ability to enter into contracts and buy and sell property, separate from their individual owners.

Back 21

corporations

Front 22

large scale corporations that are headquartered in one country but sell and produce goods and services in many countries.

Back 22

transnational corporations

Front 23

a condition existence when several companies overwhelmingly control an entire industry.

Back 23

oligopoly

Front 24

a condition that exists when four or fewer companies supply 50 percent or more of a particualr market.

Back 24

shared monopoly

Front 25

a combination of businesses in different commercial areas, all of which are owned by one holding company.

Back 25

conglomerate

Front 26

members of the board of directors of one corporation who also sit on the boards of other corporations.

Back 26

interlocking corporate directorates

Front 27

an economic system characterized by public ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of collective goals, and centralized decision making.

Back 27

socialism

Front 28

an economic system that comines elements of a market economy (capitalism) with elements of a command economy (socialism)

Back 28

mixed economy

Front 29

an economic and political system that combines private ownership of some of the means of production, governmental distribution of some essential goods and services, and free elections.

Back 29

democratic socialism

Front 30

high status, knowledge bassed occupations.

Back 30

professions

Front 31

categories of jobs that involve similar activities at different work sites.

Back 31

occupations

Front 32

the sector of the labor market that consists of high paying jobs with good benefits that have some degree of security and the possibility of future advancement.

Back 32

primary labor market

Front 33

the sector of the labor market that consists of low paying jobs with few benefits and very little job security or possibility for future advancement

Back 33

secondary labor market

Front 34

jobs that differ from the employment norms of the society in which they are located.

Back 34

marginal jobs

Front 35

part time work, temporary work, or subcontracted work that offers advantages to employers but that can be detrimental to the welfare of workers.

Back 35

contingent work

Front 36

an aggreement in which a corporation contracts with other firms to provide specialized components, products, or services to the larger corporation.

Back 36

subcontracting

Front 37

the percentage of unemployed persons in the labor force actively seeking jobs.

Back 37

unemployment rate