Sociology Final

Front 1

Prejudice

Back 1

refers to attitudes of aversion and hostility towards members of a group simply because they belong to it and hence are presumed to have the objectionable qualities ascribed to it.

Front 2

Discrimination

Back 2

is a process in which members of one or more groups or categories in society are denied privileges, power, legal rights, etc that are available to other groups.

Front 3

The Conflict Perspective

Back 3

contend that prejudice and discrimination can best be understood in terms of tension or conflict among competing groups. Involves ethnocentrism, competition, and unequal power.

Front 4

Sex

Back 4

refers to whether one is genetically male or female and determines the biological role that one plays in reproduction.

Front 5

Gender

Back 5

is a form of sociocultural distinction between males and females---socially constructed.

Front 6

Gender Identities

Back 6

are the conceptions we have of ourself as being male or female

Front 7

Gender Roles

Back 7

are sets of cultural expectations that define the ways in which members of each sex should behave.

Front 8

Sexism

Back 8

gender inequality. At the individual level (biological differences between males and females) and at the institutional level (policies, practices, and procedures)

Front 9

Patrarchy

Back 9

men have a disproportionate share of power

Front 10

polymorphous perversity

Back 10

is a psychoanalytic term for the human ability to gain sexual gratification outside socially normative sexual behaviors. Sigmund Freud used this term to describe the normal sexual disposition of humans from infancy to about age five.

Front 11

androgyny

Back 11

refers to the combination of masculine and feminine characteristics. Sexual ambiguity may be found in fashion, gender identity, sexual identity, or sexual lifestyle.

Front 12

Sexual Harassment and Rape

Back 12

Defined as unwelcome sexual attention that affects an employee's job conditions or creates a hostile working environment.

Front 13

"The Glass Ceiling"

Back 13

a set of invisible barriers that prevent women from advancing in the workplace. Women earn about 81 cents for each dollar a man makes.

Front 14

The Recession’s Racial Divide

Back 14

Despite the sense of white grievance, though, blacks are the ones who are taking the brunt of the recession, with disproportionately high levels of foreclosures and unemployment.

Front 15

Racial Disparities in Life Spans Narrow, but Persist

Back 15

The new report analyzed data from 2010. Preliminary statistics for 2011 show that the gap has continued to narrow to 3.7 years.

Front 16

Racism May Affect Infant Mortality Rates

Back 16

Black infant mortality is a complicated puzzle that includes poverty, poor nutrition, inadequate prenatal care, teen pregnancy, heredity, high blood pressure, stress, obesity, low birth weights and prematurity. Lu and other researchers see these factors as part of a trend of racial inequality that's stressful to some poorer black expectant mothers.

Front 17

The Current Mystique

Back 17

The motherhood mystique, the perfect mommy.

I don’t think it’s conscious the way we play into the hottie mystique.

The masculine mystique says you have to be powerful, competitive, have to be opposite of anything that is feminine.

Front 18

Honor Killings in Turkey

Back 18

Government figures released in February suggest murders of women increased 14-fold in seven years, from 66 in 2002, to 953 in the first seven months of 2009. In the past seven months, one rights organization has compiled more than 264 cases – nearly one per day – reported in the press in which a woman was killed by a family member, husband, ex-husband, or partner.

Front 19

Politics and Misogyny

Back 19

We’ve become so used to the disrespectful, degrading, contemptuous and even violent treatment of women that we hardly notice it. Staggering amounts of violence are unleashed against women and girls every day. Fashionable ads in mainstream publications play off of that violence, exploiting themes of death and dismemberment, female submissiveness and child pornography.

Front 20

Put the Blame Where it Belongs: On Men

Back 20

We are raising generations of boys in a society that in many ways glorifies sexually aggressive masculinity and considers as normal the degradation and objectification of women

Front 21

113th Congress

Back 21

The new Congress includes a record number of women (101 across both chambers, counting three nonvoting members), as well as various firsts for the numbers of Latinos and Asians as well as Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. 20 in the Senate and 81 in the House

Front 22

Male-Female Pay Gap Persists and Starts Early, Study Finds

Back 22

the researchers found that, after controlling for factors such as college major, occupation, and number of hours worked, women's pay was 82 percent of their male counterparts' pay one year after graduation.

Front 23

The Feminine Critique

Back 23

It found that women who act in ways that are consistent with gender stereotypes — defined as focusing “on work relationships” and expressing “concern for other people’s perspectives” — are considered less competent. But if they act in ways that are seen as more “male” — like “act assertively, focus on work task, display ambition” — they are seen as “too tough” and “unfeminine.

Front 24

Why are young women more ambitious than men?

Back 24

As women's career aspirations rise and men's tumble, this declining gender gap should serve as a wake-up call. Younger generations want to combine the personal pursuit of challenging, well-rewarded paid work with the pleasures and responsibilities of a committed family life.

Front 25

Mentors Are Good. Sponsors Are Better

Back 25

To get ahead, women need to acquire a sponsor — a powerfully positioned champion — to help them escape the “marzipan layer,” that sticky middle slice of management where so many driven and talented women languish.

Front 26

What is feminism?

Back 26

feminism is a commitment to achieving the equality of the sexes.
Though the media has maligned feminism as a drive for selfish fulfillment by female professionals, those who stand to gain the most are actually those who have the least. The demand for full equality for all women is profoundly radicalizing when it addresses the additional layers of discrimination women experience because of class, race, sexuality, disability, and age, and also the heightened impact on women and children of war, poverty and environmental degradation.