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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sexual identity
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set of sexual practices and attitudes
leading to the formation in a person's mind of an identity as heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual |
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How did increased individualism contribute to sexual identity?
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Before, more about what you did than who you are (accepted/unaccepted practices vs. identity)
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What is required for sexual identity?
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1) Self-awareness
2) Self-examination |
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What changes in the 20th century affected formation of sexual identity?
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-Separation btwn sex & procreation (1st in marriage then outside of marriage)
-Rise in private fam, love, intimacy (if sex is about love not procreation, should same-sex matter?) |
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What were the main consequences of the 1969 Stonewall riot?
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-sparked gay political movement (from previously rising tensions)
-defined group |
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What two factors lead to collection and group formation?
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1) internal (sexual identity)
2) external (discrimination) |
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What is the important first step to social change (solidarity and group action)?
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Individualism
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What were two key Supreme Court decisions affecting homosexuals?
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1) Bowers v Hardwick (held illegality from 1980s-00s)
2) Lawrence v TX ('03) (overturned) |
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What are the key elements of the debate over same-sex marriage? (Know counter-arguments)
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1) History
2) Judeo-Christian religion 3) Gender confusion 4) Weakening marriage further 5) Floodgates (polygamy, incest, beastiality) |
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Why are some gays opposed to gay marriage?
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1) Stratification
2) Reject same institution as straights |
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courtship
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Supervised, public way of getting to know someone with the eventual purpose of marriage (can occur with multiple people at same time)
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How did dating differ from courtship?
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-More likely with peers than with adults
-More time alone -Moved from woman's turf |
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dramaturgy
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-coined by Irving Goffman
-"All the world's a stage" -constantly in impression mgt |
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Impression Management
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-engaging in behaviors to get a certain response
-putting best foot forward (not necessarily faking) present different parts of self in different contexts |
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What are the components of dramaturgy?
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1) Front stage
2) Back stage 3) Social script 4) Props |
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Eras of Marriage
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1) Institutional (until 1900)
2) Companionship (1900-1960) 3) Individualized (1960-present) |
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Major economic transitions (correspond to eras of marriage)
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1) Familial to labor mkt
2) Women labor force participation |
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Era of Marriage: Institutional
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-Duty
-Conformity to social norms -Patriarchal authority -"Spiritual love and sexual constraint" (Don't love too passionately - will take away from devotion to God) |
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Era of Marriage: Companionship
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-Affection
-Friendship -Beginnings of emphasis on sexual gratification -Spouses seen more as partners (interdependent and complementary, separate spheres) -Romantic love connected to marriage as one of its roles |
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Era of Marriage: Individualized
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-Personal fulfillment
-Open communication -Flexible gender roles -"What can you do for me/how can you make me happy?" -Sex life measures marital health/success -More sex before & outside marriage -Individ. happiness related to partner's |
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What is the difference between codependent and interdependent?
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1) Codependent - bad, trying to fill other's needs
2) Interdependent - good, other's needs part of own happiness |
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Why is marriage good for you?
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1) Mental and physical health
2) Happiness 3) Sex lives 4) Risk behavior reduction & intimate relationship (esp for men) |
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What are the trends in cohabitation?
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-Increase for everyone, incl. middle class
-precluded 50% recent marriages -40% involve child -40% of non-marital births -90% break up or marry within year (less stable) |
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Is cohabitation replacing marriage?
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No, seen as step to marriage
1) less stable 2) precedes half of marriages |
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What 4 reasons help explain the dramatically increasing WLFP? (MSCD)
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1) Mens wages began to stagnate (esp 1970s)
2) Service sector expansion 3) Fewer children & years of childcare 4) Divorce rate increase |
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What key term links divorce to WLFP?
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relationship-specific investment; If divorce rate increases, it becomes riskier to only make RSIs
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Is earning income a relationship-specific investment?
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No; earning power is separate from the relationship, investing in future returns that are not dependent on relationship status
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What are examples of relationship -specific investments?
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Providing dinner, chores, childrearing
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What is a trend in WLFP?
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More continuous WLFP and more young mothers choosing to stay in the work force
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Do discrimination or children affect the gender wage gap?
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-Less about discrimination
-Something about children (gap widens with age and interrupts women's labor more than men's) |
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Is the gender wage gap larger among whites or blacks and why?
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Among whites; 1) Discrimination resulting in lower men's wages; 2) longer history of WLFP
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What is the gender wage gap and how does it compare to the past?
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It is currently $0.79 to every $1, which is smaller but still significant
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What are examples of unpaid labor?
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Household chores, childcare, making meals, running errands
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What are the 3 characteristics of unpaid labor?
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1) Quantity: Women do more than men (Shrunk 7x to 2x)
2) Quality: Men able to schedule while women on call (affects employment) 3) Quality: Women responsible for more delegating (nagging) |
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How does overload/spillover relate to men and women?
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It's more culturally acceptable from women to spill home into work and men to spill work into home (Differs by social class)
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Through what 2 ways does economic hardship affect offspring well-being?
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1) Family relationships
2) Socioeconomic resources |
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How is the workplace becoming more responsive? (4 ways)
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1) Flex time
2) Parental leave/ family leave 3) Part time work w/ benefits 4) Job-sharing |