Sociology Exam 2

Front 1

Social inequality

Back 1

A high degree of disparity in income, wealth, power, prestige, and other resources

Front 2

Social stratification

Back 2

The systematic ranking of different groups of people in a hierarchy of inequality

Front 3

Caste society

Back 3

A social system in which social status is given for life/ closed for social mobility

Front 4

Achieved status

Back 4

An individual's social position is linked to acquisition of socially valued credentials or skills

Front 5

Ascribed status

Back 5

An individual's social position is linked to acquisition of socially valued credentials or skills

Hint 5

Race, ethnicity, gender, etc

Front 6

Food desert

Back 6

Areas that lack sources of competitively priced healthy and fresh food

Front 7

Meritocracy

Back 7

A society in which personal success is based on talent and individual effort

Front 8

Official poverty line

Back 8

Set by the government as the minimum amount of money needed to meet the basic needs for a family. 40 million people are below this line.

Hint 8

Food costs, nationwide cost of living.

Front 9

Global inequality

Back 9

Systematic disparities in income, wealth, health, education, access to technology, opportunity, and power among countries, communities, and households around the world.

Front 10

Infant mortality rate

Back 10

Number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1000 live births per year

Front 11

Total fertility rate

Back 11

Average number of children a woman in a given country will have in her lifetime if age specific fertility rates hold throughout her childbearing years

Hint 11

Safe sanitation, education, technology

Front 12

World Systems theory (Immanuel Wallerstein)

Back 12

The global capitalist economic system has long been shaped by a few powerful economic actors, who have ordered it in a way that favors their interests.

Front 13

Core countries (WST)

Back 13

Economically advanced, technologically sophisticated, have well educated and skilled populations.

Front 14

Peripheral countries

Back 14

Low national incomes, low levels of technological and industrial development

Front 15

Semi peripheral countries

Back 15

Share some characteristics with both, occupying an intermediate and sometimes stabilizing position between them

Front 16

Race

Back 16

A group sharing apparent physical traits deemed by society to be socially significant

Front 17

Ethnicity

Back 17

Characteristics of groups associated with national origins, languages, and cultural and religious practices

Front 18

Minorities

Back 18

Less powerful groups who are dominated by a more powerful group and, often discriminated against on the basis of characteristics deemed by the majority to be socially significant

Front 19

Segregation

Back 19

The physical and social separation of different categories of people

Front 20

Assimilation

Back 20

The absorption of a minority group into the dominant culture

Front 21

Cultural pluralism

Back 21

The coexistence of different racial and ethnic groups characterized by acceptance and respect for one another's differences

Front 22

Prejudice

Back 22

A belief about an individual or a group that is not subject to change on the basis of evidence

Front 23

Discrimination

Back 23

The unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their membership in a group

Front 24

Stigma

Back 24

An attribute that is deeply discredited to an individual or a group because it over shadows other attributes and merits

Front 25

Sex

Back 25

Anatomical and other biological characteristics that differ between males and females and that originate in genetic differences

Front 26

Gender

Back 26

Behavioural differences between males and females that are culturally based and socially learned

Front 27

Transgender

Back 27

An umbrella term used to describe all those whose gender identity, expression, or behavior differs from their assigned sex or is outside the gender binary

Front 28

Second shift (Arlie Russell Hothschild)

Back 28

The unpaid housework that women typically do after they come home from their paid employment

Front 29

Gender wage gap

Back 29

Lack of negociation from women on salaries

Front 30

Glass ceiling

Back 30

An artificial boundary that allows women to see the next occupation or salary level even as structural obstacles keep them from reaching it

Front 31

Glass escalator

Back 31

The nearly invisible promotional boost men gain in female dominated occupations

Front 32

Sexual harassment

Back 32

Just know what it is

Front 33

Feminism

Back 33

The belief that social equality should exist between the sexes, as well as the social movements aimed at achieving that goal.

Front 34

Standpoint theory (Dorothy Smith)

Back 34

A perspective that says the knowledge we create is conditioned by where we stand, or our subjective social position (walk a mile in the other persons shoes)

Front 35

Polygamy

Back 35

Person may have more than one spouse in marriage

Front 36

Polygyny

Back 36

Man may have multiple wives

Front 37

Polyandry

Back 37

Woman may have multiple husbands

Front 38

Serial monogamy

Back 38

The practice of having more than one wife or husband, but only one at a time

Front 39

Extended family

Back 39

Social groups consisting of one or more parents, children, and other kin, often spanning several generations living in the same household

Front 40

Nuclear family

Back 40

Social groups consisting of one or more parents and their biological, dependent children with no other kin

Front 41

Cohabilitation

Back 41

Living in, intimate sexual relationship.

Front 42

Child rearing

Back 42

Concerted cultivation and natural growth

Front 43

Domestic (Family) Violence

Back 43

Physical or sexual abuse committed by one family member against another

Front 44

Native American Off Reservation Boarding Schools

Back 44

Seen as a way to civilize and christianize

Front 45

De facto segregation

Back 45

School segregation based on residential patterns or student choice

Front 46

Brown vs Board of Education

Back 46

1954: Topeka Kansas rules segregation as illegal

Front 47

White Flight

Back 47

White families start moving from mixed urban areas to large suburbs

Front 48

School Funding

Back 48

State: 46%

Front 49

Cherry Hill vs Camden

Back 49

Cherry Hill: mostly white, Asian

Camden: mostly black, Hispanic

Front 50

Broken Windows theory

Back 50

Urban disorder and vandalism can have a norm setting effect on crime and social behaviors

Front 51

School to prison pipeline

Back 51

The policies and practices that push children (mostly minorities) out of schools and into prisons

Front 52

Zero tolerance policy

Back 52

Harsh consequences for rule violations

Front 53

College dropouts

Back 53

57%