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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is an independent variable
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independent- stands alone and isnt changed by the other variables you are trying to measure.
example- age you want to see if this variable causes a change in others others cannot change this |
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what is a dependent variable
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depends on other factors
example test score- can be dependent on how much you studied etc. |
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correlation does not imply causation
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correlation between two events does not mean one causes the other. ice cream trucks causing more murders.
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what was the purpose of the tearoom trade experiment?
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Humphreys researched on the sterotypes about gays who participated in some acts in public rest rooms
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what ethical issues were raised by the tea room trade study
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humphreys didnt tell his participants it was a research study and didnt tell them who he was.
missrepresented his identity and intent raised debate about the privacy for research participants |
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what was the milgram experiment
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measured the obidience of an authority figure who instructed them to do soemthing that was against their personal conscience
shock people for money |
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what social issues did the milgram experiment raise?
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caused traumatic effects on the participants who were forced to inflict pain on innocent people
also cause people to be less trusting in the future |
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what was the venkatesh experiment and what was the issue it raised
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venkatesh infultraded a gang and became a member to learn more about how money went through gangs.
he knew about gang activity and did not tell anyone. raised ethical and safety concerns for both him and the people who were being plotted against. |
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tuskegee experiment
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innocent people were lied to about the experiment they were participating in. they were infected with syphilis.
institutional review boards were mandated because of this experiment. |
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what are some research methodologies?
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1. surveys
2. field studies and naturalistic observation 3. experiments |
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what are some strengths and weakness of surveys
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strength- a. Can assess attitudes
b. Relatively inexpensive c. Document social change weakness- a. “Recall” problems b. Social pressure in interview setting |
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what are the strenghts and limitations of field studies and naturalistic observations
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strengths- a. “Real world” settings
b. Can focus on subcultures c. Captures unique perceptions of actors weakness- a. Not generalizable b. Subject to researcher’s interpretation c. May raise many ethical issues |
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strenghts and weaknesses of experiments
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Strengths
a. High internal validity weakness- a. Unnatural setting b. Demand characteristics c. Experimenter effects d. Low external validity |
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what is informed consent and debreifing meant to do?
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they are strategies used to protect reaserch study subjects from psychological and physical harm
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what is a social class
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how individuals are divided into groups in society and the inequalities that ensue
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what is slavery ?
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social strat where some people are totally owned by another person as property.
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caste system
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a social system in which a person's social status is given for life
- intimate relationships are restricted to members of the same caste system only. |
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ascribed vs archived status
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ascribed status is one that a person is born with
achieved status is one that someone earns in their lifetime like an education |
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what is Marx's definition of class consciousness?
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the percetption that class structure exist and feeling a connection to other members of ones class
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what is class
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ones economic resource
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what is status
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prestige or recognition
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what is party?
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ability to use power and influence
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what are some other class indicators?
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class consciousness and cultural capital
- the town you live in -schools you go to cars you drive -people you associate with |
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what is status inconsistency
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groups who are high on one indicator but low on others.
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what is class consciousness
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perception that class structure exists and feeling a connection to people in the same social class as you are
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what is false class consciousness
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people become so set in their ways that they do not see that they are being exploited by others at the top
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cultural capital
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cultural resources that a group holds like art music etc
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what is the poverty line and how is it calculated?
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in 1950 the average fam spent 1/3 of their income on food so economist created a peverty line whihc was how much money people spend of food times 3
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what is the poverty line in nj how is it used
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like 21k
used to decide how much goverment assistance a single person can get. |
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what are some racial difference in poverty and household structure
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35% of black ppl are poor
10% of white people are poor |
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what was the difference between Marx'x view on inequality and weber's
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Marx believed there was one indicator and that was relationships withing each class and weber thought there were many indicators like class, party, and status
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what is the self sufficiency standard?
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it is based on the basic expenditures and cost of living in your area 23k fam of 4
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key point about bono's key point about poverty talk
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we are heading towards an absolute zero and its up to us to advocate for the politicians to not pass laws that impede progress lol
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what is crony capitalism?
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appointed long time friends to positions of power regardless of their qualification
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what is socialism
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spread the wealth around
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what is capitalism
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free market system where people are free to accumulate as much wealth as they can
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what is a norm?
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rules of social conduct that specify appropriate behavior in a range of situations
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what is a folkway
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loosely enforced rules of society like shaking a person's hand if they extend it to you
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a more
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carries greater moral significans and punishment like cheating on a girlfriend
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what is a taboo
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engrained so deeply that even thinking about it makes you sick like sleeping with your mother
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what is deviance
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modes of action that do not conform to the norm
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what are sanctions
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reward or punishment that reinforces socially accepted behavior
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what are laws?
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rules of behavior established by a political authority and backed by the state
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what are crimes?
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any actions that contravene the laws established by a political authority.
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what is the intersection of deviance and crime
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murder and sexual assault
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what is the labeling theory?
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when people become deviant certain behavior labels are attached to their behavior by political authorities
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what is the difference between primary and secondary deviant
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primary is when a person is labeled as a deviant secondary is when the person accepts the label and behaves accordingly.
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what percent of high school and college kids experience sexual violence.
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28%
highest between 16-24 |
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gender of domestic violence victims
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90-95% are women
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definition of abuse-
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A pattern of controlling or coercive behavior by one individual to maintain power and control over another in an intimate relationship.
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what is the cycle of violence
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tension building
abusive incident honeymoon/ recapture |