Sociology Chapter 9

Front 1

Deviance

Back 1

is the recognized violation of cultural norms.

Front 2

Crime

Back 2

is the violation of a society's formally enacted criminal law.

Front 3

Social control

Back 3

refers to attempts by society to regulate people's thought and behavior.

Front 4

Criminal justice system

Back 4

is a formal response by police, courts, and prison officials to alleged violations of the law.

Front 5

Labeling theory

Back 5

is the assertion that deviance and conformity may result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions.

Front 6

Stigma

Back 6

is a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity.

Front 7

Medicalization of deviance

Back 7

refers to the transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition.

Front 8

White-collar crime

Back 8

is crime committed by people of high social position in the course of their occupations.

Front 9

Corporate crime

Back 9

is the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf.

Front 10

Organized crime

Back 10

is a business supplying illegal goods or service.

Front 11

Hate crime

Back 11

is a criminal act against a person or person's property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias.

Front 12

Crimes against the person

Back 12

are crimes that direct violence or the threat of violence against others.

Front 13

Crimes against property

Back 13

are crimes that involve theft of property belonging to others.

Front 14

Victimless crimes

Back 14

are violations of law in which there are not readily apparent victims.

Front 15

Plea bargaining

Back 15

is a legal negotiation in which a prosecutor reduces a charge in exchange for a defendant's guilty plea.

Front 16

Retribution

Back 16

is an act of moral vengeance by which society inflicts on the offender suffering comparable to that caused by the offense.

Front 17

Deterrence

Back 17

is the attempt to discourage criminality through punishment.

Front 18

Rehabilitation

Back 18

is a program for reforming the offender to prevent subsequent offenses.

Front 19

Societal protection

Back 19

is a means by which a society renders an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through incarnation or permanently by execution.

Front 20

Criminal recidivism

Back 20

refers to subsequent offenses by people previously convicted of crimes.

Front 21

Community-based corrections

Back 21

are correctional programs located within society at large rather than behind prison walls.