Sociology Chapter 7

Front 1

Deviance

Back 1

the recognized violation of cultural norms

Front 2

Crime

Back 2

the violation of a society's formally enacted criminal law

Front 3

Social control

Back 3

attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior

Front 4

Is social control informal or formal?

Back 4

Informal

Front 5

Criminal justice system

Back 5

a formal response by police, courts, and prison officials to alleged violoations of the law

Front 6

Cesare Lombroso theorized that criminals stand out...

Back 6

physically- low forehead, prominent jaw and cheekbones, protruding ears, hariness, and unusually long arms

Front 7

William Sheldon suggested that ____ ________ might predict criminality

Back 7

body structure (boys with muscular, athletic builds)

Front 8

The Glueck's confirmed Shelden's conclusion but cautioned that a powerful build does or does not necessarily cause or even predict criminality.

Back 8

does not

Front 9

The Glueck's suggested that ________ tend to be more distant from powerfully built _____, who in turn grow up to show less ___________ toward others.

Back 9

Parents
sons
sensitivity

Front 10

Reckless and Dinitz came up with an analysis to illustrate the psychological approach that is known as...

Back 10

containment theory

Front 11

Deviance, as well as conformity, is shaped by...

Back 11

society

Front 12

Three foundations of deviance are...

Back 12

Deviance varies according to cultural norm.
People become deviant as others define them that way.
Both norms and the way people define situations involve social power.

Front 13

Deviance is a necessary element of social organization.

Back 13

True

Front 14

Who said that there is nothing abnormal about deviance?

Back 14

Emile Durkheim

Front 15

Deviance performs these 4 basic functions

Back 15

1. Deviance affirms cultural values and norms
2. Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries
3. Responding to deviance brings people together
4. Deviance encourages social change

Front 16

Deviance

Back 16

the recognized violation of cultural norms

Front 17

Crime

Back 17

the violation of a society's formally enacted criminal law

Front 18

Social control

Back 18

attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior

Front 19

Is social control informal or formal?

Back 19

Informal

Front 20

Criminal justice system

Back 20

a formal response by police, courts, and prison officials to alleged violoations of the law

Front 21

Cesare Lombroso theorized that criminals stand out...

Back 21

physically- low forehead, prominent jaw and cheekbones, protruding ears, hariness, and unusually long arms

Front 22

William Sheldon suggested that ____ ________ might predict criminality

Back 22

body structure (boys with muscular, athletic builds)

Front 23

The Glueck's confirmed Shelden's conclusion but cautioned that a powerful build does or does not necessarily cause or even predict criminality.

Back 23

does not

Front 24

The Glueck's suggested that ________ tend to be more distant from powerfully built _____, who in turn grow up to show less ___________ toward others.

Back 24

Parents
sons
sensitivity

Front 25

Reckless and Dinitz came up with an analysis to illustrate the psychological approach that is known as...

Back 25

containment theory

Front 26

Deviance, as well as conformity, is shaped by...

Back 26

society

Front 27

Three foundations of deviance are...

Back 27

Deviance varies according to cultural norm.
People become deviant as others define them that way.
Both norms and the way people define situations involve social power.

Front 28

Who said that there is nothing abnormal about deviance?

Back 28

Emile Durkheim

Front 29

Deviance performs these 4 basic functions

Back 29

1. Deviance affirms cultural values and norms
2. Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries
3. Responding to deviance brings people together
4. Deviance encourages social change

Front 30

Robert Merton aruged that excessive deviance arises from particular _______ ___________.

Back 30

social arrangements

Front 31

The extent and kind of deviance depend on whether a society provides the _____ to achieve cultural _____.

Back 31

means
goals

Front 32

Merton's 4 responses to failure are:

Back 32

innovation
ritualism
retreatism
rebellion

Front 33

Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin extended Merton's theory, proposing that crime depends on the _______ ________ _______ that frames a person's life.

Back 33

relative opportunity structure

Front 34

An example of a criminal subcultures is:

Back 34

gangs

Front 35

Example of a conflict subculture:

Back 35

armed gangs

Front 36

Example of a retreatist subculture:

Back 36

drug or alcohol abusing gangs

Front 37

Walter Miller believes that deviant subcultures are characterized in these 6 ways:

Back 37

1.Trouble
2.Toughness
3.Smartness
4.A need for excitement
5.A belief in fate
6.A desire for freedom

Front 38

Elijah Anderson believes that _____ people are more likely to commit a crime than _____ people

Back 38

poor
rich

Front 39

Labeling theory

Back 39

the assertion that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions

Front 40

Edwin Lemert's definition of primary deviance:

Back 40

violations that provoke slight reaction from others and have little effet on a person's self-concept

Front 41

The response to primary deviance can set in motion _________ _________, by which a person repeatedly violates a norm and begins to take on a deviant identity

Back 41

secondary deviance

Front 42

Secondary deviance marks the start of what Erving Goffman called a ______ ______.

Back 42

deviant career

Front 43

Stigma

Back 43

a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity

Front 44

Thomas Szasz suggests that we should forget the idea of _________ _________ entirely

Back 44

mental illness

Front 45

Medicalization of deviance

Back 45

the transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition

Front 46

Deviance has 3 consequences:
It affects...

Back 46

1.who responds to deviance
2.how people respond
3.the personal competence of the deviant person