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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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social group
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colletion of people who interat with one another and have a certain feeling of unity
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social aggregate
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a number of people who happen to be in one place but do not interact with one another
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social category
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number of people who have something in common but who neither interact with one another nor gather in one place
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in-group
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the group to which an individual is strongly tied as a member
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out-grou
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the grou of which an individual is not a member
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reference group
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group that is used as the frame of reference for evaluating one's own behavior(gang)
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instrumental leaders
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those who achieve their group's goal by getting others to fous on task performance
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expressive leaders
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those who avhieve group harmony by making others feel good
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laissez-faire leader
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lets others work more or less on their own
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idiosyncrasy credit
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the privelege that allows leaders to deviate from their groups' norms or, by extension, their society's norms
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groupthink
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the tendency for members of a cohesive group to maintain a consensus to the extent of ignoring the truth
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social network
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web of social relationships that links individuals or groups to one another
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formal organization
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grou whose activities are reationally designed to achieve speific goals
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coercive organizations
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force or threat of force is used to achieve the organization's goal of keeping the inmates in (prison, concentration camp)
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utilitarian organizations
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higher participants use incentives such as money to ensure that the lower participants work to achieve the organization's goals (factories, businesses)
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normative organizations
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power over participants based on persuasion, exhortation, social pressure, or public recognition. most participants generally want to do what the org is asking (church, political party)
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mixed organizations
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depend on different types of power (pretty much everything, military)
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informal organiztion
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group formed by informal relationships among members of an organization- based on personal interaction
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normative theories
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theories that suggest what we SHOULD do to achieve our goals
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Parkinson's law
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"work expands to fill the time available for its completion."
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Peter principle
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"In every hierarchy, every employee tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence." competent employees keep on getting promoted until they hit high enough that they are incompetent
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