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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social structure |
network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction. |
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Status |
a socially defined position in a group or in a society |
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Role |
behavior, rights and obligations expected of someone occupying a particular status |
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Ascribed status |
is assigned according to qualities beyond a person's control |
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Achieved status |
the status individuals acquire through their own direct efforts. |
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Master Status |
plays the greatest role in shaping a person's life and determining his or her social identity |
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Role Set |
the different roles attached to a single status |
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Role strain |
coccus when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status |
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Role exit |
where role performance does not match expectations, the process people go through to detach from a role that has been central to their self- identity, such as, ex-convicts, divorced people, mothers who have lost custody of their children, etc. |
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Social institution |
when statuses and roles are organized to satisfy one or more of the basic needs of society- ex. Family, economic, institution, political institution, education, religion. |
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Exchange |
whenever people interact in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their actions. |
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Reciprocity |
the idea that if you do something for someone, that person owes you something in return. |
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Exchange Theory |
the belief that people are motivated by self-interest in their interaction with other people, in other words-people do things primarily for rewards. |
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Competition |
when two or more people or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain. |
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Conflict |
the deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose someone or to harm another person. |
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Cooperation |
when two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one person. |
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Accommodation |
a state of balance between cooperation and conflict |
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Group |
a set of people who interact on a basis of shared expectations and who possess some sort of common identity. |
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Subsistence Strategies |
ways society use technology to provide for the needs of their members: preindustrial, industrial, postindustrial. |
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Preindustrial Society |
food production, whichis carried out through the use of human and animal labor, is the main economic activity. |
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Division of Labor |
economic activitiesthe specialization by individuals or groups in the preformance of specific economic activities
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Barter |
the exchange of goods or services to facilitate |
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industrial Society |
the emphasis shifts from the production of food to the production of manufactured goods |
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postindustrial society |
where the economic emphasis is on the provision of information and services rather on manufacturing |
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Mechanical Solidarity |
when people share the same values and preform the same tasks, they become united in a common a whole. |
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Organic Solidarity |
refers to the impersonal social relationships that arise with increased job specialization |
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Gemeinschaft |
German word meaning community |
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Gesellschaft |
German word meaning society |