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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Social structure

network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction.

Status

a socially defined position in a group or in a society

Role

behavior, rights and obligations expected of someone occupying a particular status

Ascribed status

is assigned according to qualities beyond a person's control

Achieved status

the status individuals acquire through their own direct efforts.

Master Status

plays the greatest role in shaping a person's life and determining his or her social identity

Role Set

the different roles attached to a single status

Role strain

coccus when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status

Role exit

where role performance does not match expectations, the process people go through to detach from a role that has been central to their self- identity, such as, ex-convicts, divorced people, mothers who have lost custody of their children, etc.

Social institution

when statuses and roles are organized to satisfy one or more of the basic needs of society- ex. Family, economic, institution, political institution, education, religion.

Exchange

whenever people interact in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their actions.

Reciprocity

the idea that if you do something for someone, that person owes you something in return.

Exchange Theory

the belief that people are motivated by self-interest in their interaction with other people, in other words-people do things primarily for rewards.

Competition

when two or more people or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain.

Conflict

the deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose someone or to harm another person.

Cooperation

when two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one person.

Accommodation

a state of balance between cooperation and conflict

Group

a set of people who interact on a basis of shared expectations and who possess some sort of common identity.

Subsistence Strategies

ways society use technology to provide for the needs of their members: preindustrial, industrial, postindustrial.

Preindustrial Society

food production, whichis carried out through the use of human and animal labor, is the main economic activity.

Division of Labor

economic activitiesthe specialization by individuals or groups in the preformance of specific economic activities

Barter

the exchange of goods or services to facilitate

industrial Society

the emphasis shifts from the production of food to the production of manufactured goods

postindustrial society

where the economic emphasis is on the provision of information and services rather on manufacturing

Mechanical Solidarity

when people share the same values and preform the same tasks, they become united in a common a whole.

Organic Solidarity

refers to the impersonal social relationships that arise with increased job specialization

Gemeinschaft

German word meaning community

Gesellschaft

German word meaning society