Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material ovjects that are passed from one generate to the next |
culture |
|
|
jewelry, art, buildings, weapons, machines, and even eating utensils, hairstyles, clothings |
material culture |
|
|
a groups way of thinking (beliefs, values) and doing (patterns of behavior, language, gestures, interaction) |
nonmaterial culture |
|
|
linton |
most characteristics of our own culture remain imperceptivle to us (culture within us) |
|
|
culture becomes the |
lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us |
|
|
the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken for granted assumptions about life |
culture shock |
|
|
a tendency to use our own roups ways of doing things as a yardstick for judging other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors |
ethnocentrism |
|
|
william sumner |
ones own group is the center of everything and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it |
|
|
positive side of ethnocentrism |
creates in group loyalties |
|
|
negative side of ethnocentrism |
can lead to discrimination against people whose ways differ from ours |
|
|
no natural way about material culture and nonmaterial culture |
ya |
|
|
culture provides implicit instructions that tell us what we ought to do and how we ought to think. it establishes a fundamental basis for our decision making |
ya |
|
|
culture provides a moral imperative |
the culture that we internalize becomes the right way of doing things |
|
|
a society cannot exist without developing |
shared learned ways of dealing with the challenges of life |
|
|
culture relativism |
we can try to understand a culture on its own terms - looking at how the elements of a culture fit together, without judgin those elements as inferior or superior to our own way of life - difficult - so we can appreciate other ways of life - cultural values that result in exploitation are inferior to those that enhance peoples lives - edgerton |
|
|
non material culture |
symbolic culture |
|
|
something to which people attach meaning an that they use to communicate with one another - gestures, language, values, sanctions, mores |
symbol |
|
|
movements of the body to communicate with others, short ways to convey messages without using words - these summon up emotions |
gestures |
|
|
a system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but abstract thought |
language |
|
|
language allows culture to develop by |
freeding people to move beyond their immediate experiences |
|
|
language |
- provides shared past and future - allows shared perspectives - allows shared, goal directed behavior the basis of culture |
|
|
talking about events allows us to arrive at the shared understandings that form the basis of |
social life |
|
|
sapir and whorf |
language has embedded within it ways of looking at the world (language shapes the way we think and perceive) |
|
|
sapir whorf hypothesis |
- language creates ways of thinking and perceiving - learning a language mean learning word and acquiring the perceptions embedded in the langua |
|
|
peoples ideas of what is desirable in life |
values |
|
|
expectations of right behavior |
norms |
|
|
expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms or expression of dissaproval for violating them |
sanctions |
|
|
positive sanction |
aporoval for following a norm - can be material or non |
|
|
negative sanction |
disapproval for breaking a norm |
|
|
specified times when people are allowed to break norms - mardi gras |
moral holidays |
|
|
moral holiday places |
loccations where norms are expected to be broked |
|
|
norms that are not strictly enforced are |
folkways |
|
|
normas that are striclty enforced because they are thought essential to core values or the well being of the group |
mores |
|
|
a norm so strongly ingrained that even the thought of its violation is greeted with revulsion, and extreme sanctions - prison, death |
taboo |
|
|
a world within the larger world of dominant culture |
subculture |
|
|
a group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture |
counter culture |
|
|
a society made up of many different groups |
pluralistic society |
|
|
values that are shared by most of the group that make up us society |
core values |
|
|
robin williams core values |
1. achievement and success 2. individualism 3. hard work 4. efficiency and practicality 5. science and technology 6. material comfort 7. freedom 8. democracy 9. equality 10. group superiority authors additions 1. education 2. religiosity 3. romantic love |
|
|
values that together form a larger whole |
value cluster |
|
|
values that condratdict one another |
value contradictions |
|
|
it is precisely at the point of value contradictions, then that one can |
see a major force for social change in a society |
|
|
value cluster emergin in us |
1. leisure 2. self fulfillment 3. physical fitness 4. youthfulness 5. concern for the environment |
|
|
values are related to |
conditions of society |
|
|
culture wars |
traditionalists vs those advocating change |
|
|
ideal culture |
values, norms, goals that a group considers ideal, worth aiming for - success |
|
|
real culture |
norms and values that people actually follow real culture |
|
|
values, norms that are found everywhere |
cultural universals - murdock = specific customs differ from one group to another - no cultural universals |
|
|
sociobiology or neo- darwinism and evolutionary physcology |
because of natural selection, biology is a basic cause of human behavior |
|
|
9r9r gene |
less likely to binge drink and more likely to wear seat belts, less sexual partners |
|
|
tools, skills or procedures necessary to make and use these tools |
technology |
|
|
the emerging technologies of an era that have a significant impact on social life |
new technolog |
|
|
technology sets the framework for |
groups nonmaterial culture |
|
|
william ogburn coined the term |
cultural lag - not all parts of a culture change at the sam pace - groups material cuture usually changes first with the nonmaterial culture lagging behind |
|
|
the spread of cultural traits form one group to another; includes both material and nonmaterial cultural traits |
cultural diffusion |
