Sociology Chapter 18

Front 1

social change

Back 1

changes within a society produced by events emanating from outside that society

Front 2

internal

Back 2

originates within a society

Front 3

ideology

Back 3

interrelated or religious or secular beliefs, values, and norms that justify the pursuit of a given set of goals through a given set of means

Front 4

external

Back 4

changes within a society produced by events that happened

Front 5

crowd

Back 5

temporary concentration of people in close proximity

Front 6

casual crowd

Back 6

to stop and look at something briefly and then leave
ex: stop to see a school fight

Front 7

conventional crowd

Back 7

audience coming together to enjoy a show. simple norms and roles depending on the event. there is informal social control

Front 8

expressive crowd

Back 8

crowd is drawn together by the promise of personal gratification through active participation in activities and event
ex: religious retreat

Front 9

acting crowd

Back 9

people whose passion and tempers have been aroused by some focal event.
ex: mobs

Front 10

threatened crowd

Back 10

an acting crowd that is in a state of panic, believing that some kind of danger is present

Front 11

panic

Back 11

uncoordinated group flight from a perceived danger

Front 12

theories of crowds

Back 12

Gustof Labon

Front 13

contagion theory

Back 13

members of a crowd acquire a crowd mentality, lose their characteristics inhibitions, and become highly receptive to group sentiments. they give up personal and moral responsibility to a crowd

Front 14

examples of contagion theory

Back 14

antonymity
sentiment of invincible power
emotional contagion
reciprocal stimulation-circular reaction

Front 15

convergence theory

Back 15

collective behavior is the outcome of situations in which people with similar characteristics, attitudes, and needs are drawn together

Front 16

emergent norm theory

Back 16

even though crowd members may have different motives for participating in collective behavior, they acquire common standards of behavior by observing and listening to one another

Front 17

fad and fashion

Back 17

are transitory social changes patters of behavior that are widely dispersed among a mass but that do not last long enough to become fixed or institutionalized

Front 18

rumor

Back 18

information that is shared informally and spreads quickly through a mass or a crowd

Front 19

public opinion

Back 19

the beliefs held by a dispersed collectivity of individuals about a common problem, interest, focus or activity

Front 20

mass hysteria

Back 20

large number of people are overwhelmed with emotions and frenzied activity or became convinced that they have experienced something that has no evidencs

Front 21

social movement

Back 21

a form of collective behavior in which large numbers of people are organized or alerted to support and bring about, or to resist, social change

Front 22

reactionary social movement

Back 22

embrace the aims of the past and seek to return general society to yesterdays values

Front 23

conservative social movement

Back 23

seek to maintain society's current values by reacting to change or threats of change that they believe will undermine the status quo

Front 24

revisionary social movement

Back 24

seek partial or slight changes within the existing order but do not threaten the order of itself

Front 25

revolutionary social movement

Back 25

seek to overthrow all or nearly all of the existing social order and replace it with an order they consider more suitable

Front 26

expressive social movement

Back 26

stress personal feelings of satisfaction or well-being and typically arise to fill some void or to distract people from some great dissatisfaction in their lives

Front 27

mass

Back 27

a collection of people who, although physically dispersed, participate in some event either physically or with a common concern or interest