Sociology Chapter 13 Family Violence

Front 1

a woman is beaten by her boyfriend or husband (HOW LONG)

Back 1

Every 30 seconds

Front 2

HOW MANY children are physically abused by their parents each year

Back 2

At least a million

Front 3

HOW MANY PARENTS are assaulted by their adolescents or younger children every year.

Back 3

Almost a million parents

Front 4

As many as _______ of women and _______ of men have been victims of childhood sexual abuse.

Back 4

1 27% OF FEMALES
2. 16% OF MEN

Front 5

LIST SEVEN MODELS Used to Study Family Violence

Back 5

1. Psychiatric model
2. Ecological model
3. Feminist model
4. Social situational model
5. Social learning model
6. Resource model
7. Exchange/social control model

Front 6

finds the source of violence in the personality of the abuser.

Back 6

Psychiatric model

Front 7

looks at the child’s development in the family and the family’s development in the community.

Back 7

Ecological model

Front 8

finds violence inherent in male-dominated societies

Back 8

Feminist model

Front 9

views family violence as arising from structural stress and cultural norms.

Back 9

Social situational model

Front 10

violence is seen as a behavior learned within the family and larger society.

Back 10

Social learning model

Front 11

holds that people weigh the costs versus the rewards in all their actions and will use violence if the costs are not high enough.

Back 11

Exchange/social control model

Front 12

assumes force is used to compensate for a lack of personal, social, and economic resources.

Back 12

Resource model

Front 13

Three Factors That May Reduce Social Control

Back 13

1. Inequality of power in the family
2. The private nature of the family
3. The “real man” image

Front 14

4 CAUSES OF Causes of Family Violence

Back 14

1. GENDER
2. POWER AND CONTROL
3. STRESS
4. INTIMACY

Front 15

Violence by males has different causes (power and control versus self-defense), and results in different consequences (physical injuries and domination).

Back 15

Gender

Front 16

Violence may be used as a tool to obtain and maintain power, in or outside of families.

Violence may be used as a tool to obtain and maintain power, in or outside of families.

Back 16

Power and Control

Front 17

As individuals are subjected to a variety of stresses (unemployment, illness, pregnancy) tensions between family members may rise.

Back 17

Stress

Front 18

Cultural beliefs about intimacy allow loved ones the right or responsibility to influence or affect each other’s behavior.

Back 18

Intimacy

Front 19

There are an estimated _____rapes, sexual assaults, robberies, or assaults between intimates each year.
___________of these incidents had female victims.

Back 19

1. 1 million
2. Approximately 85%

Front 20

__________were victims of violent crimes committed by an intimate

Back 20

150,000 men

Front 21

In 2000, there were nearly 1700 murders attributed to spouses, ex-spouses, boyfriends, or girlfriends; 1In 2000, there were nearly 1700 murders attributed to spouses, ex-spouses, boyfriends, or girlfriends; ____________was a murder between intimate partners or ex-partners.
was a murder between intimate partners or ex-partners.

Back 21

1 in 11 homicides

Front 22

_________________occur on weekends and most occur in or around the victim’s home.

Back 22

Nearly 40% of violent incidents

Front 23

________ murder victims and_________murder victims in 2000 were killed by an intimate.

Back 23

1/3 of female
4% of male

Front 24

7 Characteristics of Perpetrators

Back 24

1. He may have a“Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” personality and capable at times of great charm.
2. He may use sex as an act of aggression.
3. Believes in the moral rightness of his violent behavior (even though he may “accidentally” go too far).
4. Believes in the traditional home, family, and gender-role stereotypes.
5. Has low self-esteem and may use violence to demonstrate power.
6. He may be sadistic, pathologically jealous, or passive-aggressive.
7. Believes the common myths about battering

Front 25

LIST 3 PHASES The Cycle of Violence

Back 25

1. Phase 1: tension building
2. Phase 2: the explosion:
3. Phase 3: the “honeymoon”:

Front 26

Phase 1: tension building

Back 26

Minor battering incidents may occur.

Front 27

Phase 2: the explosion:

Back 27

This is the shortest phase, usually lasting several hours but sometimes longer.

Front 28

Phase 3: the “honeymoon”:

Back 28

The batterer is contrite, begs forgiveness, and promises never to do it again.

Front 29

3 CAUSES OF Dating Violence and Date Rape

Back 29

1. Dating violence is often precipitated by jealousy or rejection.
2. Date rape may not be recognized by the assailant or the victim because they assume rape is something done by strangers.
3. Date-rape drugs (Rohypnol and GHB) are used to sedate and victimize women, prompting the passage of date-rape drug prohibition laws.

Front 30

Reasons Women Stay in Battering Relationships

Back 30

1. Economic dependence
2. Religious pressure
3. Children’s need for a father
4. Fear of being alone
5. Belief in the American dream
6. Pity for her husband
7. Guilt and shame
8. Duty and responsibility
9. Love
10. Cultural reasons
11. Nowhere else to go

Front 31

Characteristics of Parents Who Abuse Their Children

Back 31

1. Father was physically punished by his parents, and his father physically abused his mother.
2. Believe in corporal discipline of children and wives.
3. Marital relationship may not be valued by the parents.
4. Believe the father should be the dominant authority figure.
5. Low self-esteem.
6. Unrealistic expectations for the child.
7. Parents use the child to gratify their own needs.
8. Parents appear unconcerned about the seriousness of a child’s injury.

Front 32

Characteristics Battered Children

Back 32

1. Abused children are often labeled by their parents as unsatisfactory.

2. They may be:

A “normal”child who is the product of a difficult or unplanned pregnancy.
An “abnormal” child—premature or born with congenital defects.
A “difficult” child—with traits such as fussiness or hyperactivity.

Front 33

Characteristics of Families that Experience Child Abuse

Back 33

1. The family experiences unemployment.
2. The family is socially isolated.
3. The family has a low income.
4. The family lives in an unsafe neighborhood.
5. The home is crowded, dirty, or unhealthy.
6. The family is a single-parent family in which the parent works and is consequently overstressed and overburdened.
7. One or more family members have health problems.

Front 34

Hidden Victims of Family Violence

Back 34

1. Siblings
Have the highest rate of violent interaction.
2. Parents assaulted by their adolescent or youthful children.
3. Elders assaulted by their middle-aged children.

Front 35

Recommendations for Reducing Family Violence

Back 35

1. Reducing sources of societal stress, such as poverty and racism.
2. Eliminating sexism.
3. Establishing supportive networks.
4. Breaking the family cycle of violence.
5. Eliminating the legitimization and glorification of violence.

Front 36

Children Most at Risk for Sexual Abuse

Back 36

1. Females
Preadolescences
2. Children with absent or unavailable parents
3. Children with poor parental relationships
4. Children with parents in conflict
5. Children living with a stepfather.

Front 37

LIST 3 Child Sexual Abuse: Initial Effects

Back 37

1. Emotional disturbances
2. Physical consequences
3. Sexual and social disturbances

Front 38

LIST 7
Child Sexual Abuse: Long-term Effects

Back 38

1. Depression
2. Self-destructive tendencies
3. Somatic disturbances and dissociation
4. Negative self-concept
Interpersonal relationship difficulties
5. Revictimization
6. Sexual difficulties

Front 39

David Finkelhor and Angela Browne suggest a model of sexual abuse that contains four components:
(Sexual Abuse Trauma)

Back 39

1. Traumatic sexualization
2. Betrayal
3. Powerlessness
4. Stigmatization

These create trauma by distorting a child’s self-concept, worldview, and affective abilities.

Front 40

Intimate partner violence or intimate partner abuse

Back 40

The full scope of violence among intimate couples.

Front 41

Sexual intercourse with a dating partner that occurs against his or her will with force or the threat of force. The most common form of rape.

Back 41

Date rape (acquaintance rape

Front 42

Violence that results from disputes and disagreements that go too far.

Back 42

Common couple violence

Front 43

Occurs in relationships characterized by the desire of one partner to dominate and control the other. Along with violent episodes that frequently escalate, there is often emotional abuse in intimate terrorism.

Back 43

Intimate terrorism

Front 44

Encompasses what is often meant by “self-defensive” violence.

Back 44

Violent resistance

Front 45

lRefers to relationships in which both partners are violently trying to control each other and the relationship.

Back 45

Mutual violent controL

Front 46

A form of battering inflicted by husbands on wives.

Back 46

Marital rape

Front 47

Legal definitions include unwanted sexual penetration, perpetrated by force, threat of harm, or when the victim is intoxicated. Rape may be perpetrated by males or females and against males or females; it may involve vaginal, oral, or anal penetration; and it may involve the insertion of objects other than the penis.

Back 47

Rape

Front 48

The patterns of injuries commonly observed in physically abused children.

Back 48

Battered child syndrome

Front 49

Abuse conducted by nonrelated individuals.

Back 49

Extrafamilial sexual abuse

Front 50

Abuse conducted by related individuals, including step relative

Back 50

Intrafamilial abuse

Front 51

An intense, recurring sexual attraction to prepubescent children.

Back 51

Pedophilia

Front 52

BatteringIncludes, but is not limited to, slapping, punching, knocking down, choking, kicking, hitting with objects, threatening with weapons, stabbing, and shooting.
Includes, but is not limited to, slapping, punching, knocking down, choking, kicking, hitting with objects, threatening with weapons, stabbing, and shooting.

Back 52

Battering

Front 53

Defined as any sexual interaction (including fondling, erotic kissing, or oral sex, as well as genital penetration) between an adult or older adolescent and a prepubertal child.

Back 53

Child sexual abuse

Front 54

Defined as sexual intercourse between persons too closely related to marry legally (usually interpreted to mean father-daughter, mother-son, or brother-sister intercourse).

Back 54

Incest

Front 55

True or False?
Rape by an acquaintance, date, or partner is less likely than rape by a stranger.

Back 55

FALSE

Sexual intercourse with a dating partner that occurs against his or her will with force or the threat of force— often referred to as date rape—is the most common form of rape.

Front 56

Physically abused children are often perceived by their parents as “different” from other children.
TRUE OR FALSE

Back 56

TRUEChildren who are abused are often labeled by their parents as “unsatisfactory,”a term that may describe any of the following:
A “normal” child who is the product of a difficult or unplanned pregnancy, is of the “wrong” sex, or is born outside of marriage.
An “abnormal” child, one who was premature or of low birth weight, possibly with congenital defects or illness.
A “difficult” child, one who shows such traits as fussiness or hyperactivity.

Front 57

LIST TWO TYPES OF INMATE VIOLENCE

Back 57

1. Common couple violence
2. Intimate terrorism
3. Violent resistance
4. Mutual violent control

Front 58

Causes of Violence

Back 58

Tension and conflict are normal features of family life but can escalate into violence under certain conditions.

Front 59

Female Perpetrators and Male Victims

Back 59

1. Although it is true that some men are injured in attacks by wives or lovers, most injured victims of severe intimate partner violence are women.
2. Often, if a woman attempts to inflict damage on a man in self-defense or retaliation, her chances of prevailing in hand-to-hand combat with a man are slim.

Front 60

One of the most widespread and overlooked forms of intimate violence.

Back 60

Marital Rape

Front 61

Approximately __________ of wives have been forced by their husbands to have sex against their will.

Back 61

10% to 14% of wives

Front 62

most states enacted legislation to make some forms of marital rape illegal.

Back 62

In the late 1970s

Front 63

_____________ marital rape became a crime in all 50 states.

Back 63

On July 5, 1993,

Front 64

Research indicates that the rate of abuse in gay and lesbian relationships_________indicates that the rate of abuse in gay and lesbian relationships is to that in heterosexual relationships

Back 64

Violence in Gay and Lesbian Relationships

COMPARABLE

Front 65

One form of abuse unique to same-sex couples isOne form of abuse unique to same-sex couples is the threat ______________________

Back 65

One form of abuse unique to same-sex couples is the threat of “outing” a partner to coworkers, employers, or family.

Front 66

Dating violence is often precipitated by Dating violence is often precipitated by ______________

Back 66

jealousy or rejection.

Front 67

why is Date rape not be recognized by the assailant or the victim__________________

Back 67

because they assume rape is something done by strangers.

Front 68

used to sedate and victimize women prompting the passage of date-rape drug prohibition laws.

Back 68

1. Date-rape drugs (Rohypnol and GHB)

Front 69

HOW TO AVOID Avoiding Date Rape
4 WAYS

Back 69

1. When dating someone for the first time, go to a public place, such as a restaurant, movie, or sports event.
2. Share expenses.
3. Avoid using drugs or alcohol.
4. Avoid ambiguous verbal or nonverbal behavior.

Front 70

Medical and mental health services for victims of partner violence, rape, assault and Medical and mental health services for victims of partner violence, rape, assault and stalking total over__________dollars.

Back 70

Medical and mental health services for victims of partner violence, rape, assault and stalking total over four billion dollars.

Front 71

__________are the least protected members of our society.

Back 71

Children

Front 72

______________is camouflaged as discipline or as the parent “losing” his or her temper.

Back 72

Much physical abuse

Front 73

Psychological Aggression Consists of the following kinds of behaviors

Back 73

1. Shouting, yelling, or screaming at a child
2. Threatening to spank or hit a child but not actually doing it
3. Swearing or cursing at a child
4. Threatening to send a child away or kick him or her out of the house
5. Calling a child dumb or lazy, or making some other disparaging comment

Front 74

7 FACTORS THAT Reduce Child Abuse

Back 74

1. Parents must learn how to deal positively and effectively with their children.
2. Children need to be infused with self-esteem and taught skills to report abuse.
3. Professionals working with children and families should receive adequate training in child abuse.
4. Agencies should coordinate efforts for preventing and investigating child abuse.
5. Public awareness needs to be created.
6. The workplace should promote programs to eliminate sexism, provide adequate childcare, and help reduce stress among its workforce.
7. Government should support sex education and family life programs to help reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies.

Front 75

1. It is estimated that approximately 500,000 elderly people are physically abused annually.
2. An additional 2 million are thought to be emotionally abused or neglected.

Back 75

elder abuse

Front 76

The most likely victims are suffering from physical or mental impairments______________

Back 76

elders

Front 77

9 ways to Reducing Family Violence: Recommendations

Back 77

1. Reduce poverty, racism and inequality, unemployment, and inadequate health care
2. Eliminate sexism
3. Furnish adequate day care
4. Promote educational and employment opportunities equally for men and women
5. Promote sex education and family planning to prevent unwanted pregnancies
6. Initiate prevention and early intervention for young males before they become adult batterers.
7. Establishing supportive networks that include relatives, friends, and community.
8. Eliminate corporal punishment and promote education about disciplinary alternatives.
9. Eliminate cultural norms that legitimize and glorify violence.

Front 78

Emotional disturbances of Child Sexual Abuse

Back 78

fear, anger, hostility, guilt, and shame

Front 79

Physical consequences of Child Sexual Abuse

Back 79

1. difficulty in sleeping,
2. changes in eating patterns,
3. and pregnancy

Front 80

Sexual disturbances
of Child Sexual Abuse

Back 80

1. higher rates of open masturbation, 2. sexual preoccupation
3. exposure of the genitals

Front 81

Social disturbances
adolescents

Back 81

Social disturbances
1. difficulties at school,
2. truancy,
3. running away from home, and 4. early marriages among abused adolescents

1. difficulties at school,
2. truancy,
3. running away from home, and 4. early marriages among abused adolescents