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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nature
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instincts, DNA, and genetics are big roles in this.
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Nurture
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How you were raised plays a bigger role.
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Feral Children
Isolated children |
Children reared w/out human contact
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Feral child
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wild child
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Isolated child
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An example is Isabelle.
locked in attick didn't talk, wasn't potty trained, afraid of people |
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language
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Without _________, there can be no culture (no shared way of life) and culture is the key to what we become.
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Twin studies
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identical twins separated at young ages
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Institutionalized children
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orphanages
Research of mentally retarded infants in institutions, children get less interaction and support. |
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Research on mentally retarded infants
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put mentally challenged child with mentally challenged woman, and the child's IQ went up. They did a lot better in all areas.
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early interaction
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Genie and the monkey research were dependent on ______ __________.
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Socialization
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The process by which we learn the ways of society
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Socialization
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Developing a self
Cooley and the looking glass self |
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Cooley and the looking glass self
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Symbolic interactionist
Discovered the process of developing self |
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Process of developing self
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1. Imagine how we appear to those around us
2. Interpret others reactions 3. Develop a self-concept (social mirror) |
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Mead and role taking
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Symbolic interactionist
Take the role of the other thru play Significant others Generalized other |
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Piaget and development of reasoning skills
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4 stages
1. Sensorimotor 2. Preoperational stage 3. Concrete operational stage 4. Formal operational stage |
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Sensorimotor
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birth - 2
Direct contact w/ environment |
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Preoperational stage
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2 - 7
use symbols, no causation |
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Concrete operational stage
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7 - 12
Reasoning, causation, take the role of other |
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Formal operational stage
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12 +
Abstract thinking |
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Kohlberg and development of morality
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1. Amoral stage
2. Preconventional stage 3. Conventional stage 4. Postconventional stage |
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Amoral stage
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young children
Immediate gratification, no right or wrong |
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Preconventional stage
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7 -10
Learned rules, avoid punishment |
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Conventional stage
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10+
Follow the norms and values that have been learned. |
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Postconventional stage
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most don't reach
Reflect on abstract principles of right and wrong and judge behavior according to these principles. (only used boys in this experiment) |
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Gilligan and gender differences in morality
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used both sexes
Women (personal relationships) Men (abstract principles) Mixed results |
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Global perspective
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looking glass self - universal
role taking - universal piaget (4 stages) - not always the same kolhberg - might be wrong |
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Freud and the development of personality
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Personality consists of 3 elements
1. id 2. ego 3. superego |
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id
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inborn basic drives for self gradification
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ego
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balancing force btwn id and demands of society
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superego
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the conscience
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Socialization into emotions
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6 basic emotions
culture, social class, and relationships shape how we show emotions childhood socializations |
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anger
disgust fear happiness sadness surprise |
What are the 6 basic emotions?
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childhood socializations
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learn norms
message for what is appropriate and what is not appropriate |
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Gender socialization
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Expecting different attitudes and behaviors b/c one is male or female
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parents teach gender roles
blue and pink cars and dolls |
What are some gender messages in the family?
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Advertising (for kids and adults)
Women feel inadequate |
What are some messages of gender socialization in the mass media?
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TV and movies
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gender socialization
Reinforces stereotypes of the sexes Stereotype breaking characters. |
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Video games
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Socialize users, male escape?
living a fake life gender socialization |
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Peer groups
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Boys talk about movies/ TV and single out sex and violence
Girls talk about the drama in movie |
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inequality
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Gender serves as primary basis for social ________.
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Agents of socialization
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People/groups that influence our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behavior.
The family The neighborhood Religion The school Peer groups Sports |
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The family
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most influence of socialization
1st group to have impact on individual Give basic sense of self Social class studies - blue collar vs. white collar |
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The neighborhood
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Kids in poor ___________ more likely get arrested, get pregnant, & drop out of school.
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Religion
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Influences values, what is right/wrong
what your morals are. |
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The school
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agent of socialization
Manifest (intended) and latent (unintended) functions - transmit knowledge and skills Universality - the same rules apply to all Hidden curriculum eg. sitting in rows. |
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Peer groups
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Individuals of roughly the same age connected by common interests.
Standard of peer groups dominate our lives |
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Sports
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Teach values
Boys learn masculinity = acheivement in sports Teach team work Competition |
