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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a process in which people are set apart for differential treatment by virtue of their statuses, roles, and other social characteristics
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social differentiation
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a condition in which people have unequal access to wealth, power, and prestige
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social inequality
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a form of inequality in which categories of people are systematically ranked in a hierarchy on the basis of their access to scarce but valued resources
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social stratification
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a society with 2 distinct strata-a category of people who are free and a category of people who are legally the property of others
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slave system
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ranking is hereditary and permanent, and marriage between members of different categories is prohibited
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caste system
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a social hierarchy centered on the monopoly of power and ownershp of land by a group of religious and political elites
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estate system
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the economic factor and achieved statuses (gained by ability and merit) are the principal means of ranking
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class system
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a person's or family's total economic assets
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wealth
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the ability to realize one's will, even against resistance and the opposition of others
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power
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the respect and admiration people attach to various social positions
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prestige
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a ranking that combines income, occupational prestige, level of education, and neighborhood to assess people's positions in the stratification system
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socioeconomic status
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when people fall below a minimum subsistence level and are unable to function as members of society
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absolute poverty
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a lack of resources relative to others and the overall standards of a society
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relative poverty
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women and girls constitute a disproportionate share of the poor
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feminization of poverty
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a set of norms, beliefs, values, and attitudes that trap a small number of the urban poor in a permanent cycle of poverty
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culture of poverty
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opportunities for securing such things as health, education, autonomy, leisure, and a long life
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life chances
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the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system
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social mobility
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large scale changes in occupational, educational, and corporate social structures that enable people to move up or down the stratification system
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structural mobility
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the distinctive ways in which group members consume goods and services and display rank
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lifestyles
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Rankings of a job based partially on income but also the services of the job
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Occupational prestige rankings
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The wealthiest 1% _____ than the least affluent 90% of Americans.
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Own more
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The rich get _____, while the poor _____.
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-richer
-poorer, or stay about the same income-wise |
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Upper class counts for _____ % of the population.
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5
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Upper middle class counts for _____% of the population.
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15
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Lower middle class counts for _____% of the population.
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33
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Working class counts for _____% of the population.
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30
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Lower class counts for _____% of the population.
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14
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Level assigned by the government by multiplying a person's food budget by 3 and making adjustments for family size and cost of living
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Poverty level
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In 2007, over _____ million amreicans or _____% of the popluation had incomes below the poverty line.
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-36.5
-12.5 |
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About _____% of Americans in poverty are white.
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10.5
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About _____% of African Americans live in poverty.
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24.5
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About _____% of Latinos live in poverty.
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21.5
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American Indians have a poverty rate of about _____%, but it can be as high as _____% on some reservations.
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-25
-60 |
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Asian and pacific islanders have a poverty rate around _____%.
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10
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About 1/4 of the population is under age 18, and of those, _____% are in poverty.
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36
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By the early 90's, the population of children in poverty was _____as high as canada and _____ times as high as Sweden.
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-twice
-10 |
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_____% of those in poverty live in central cities.
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60
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_____% of those in poverty live in suburbs.
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15
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_____% of those in poverty live outside of metropolitan areas.
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25
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States with the largest amounts of poverty:
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-Louisiana
-Mississippi -Arkansas -Tennessee -Kentucky -west virginia |
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Families can receive TANF for how long?
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18 months
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Factors responsible for US homelessness:
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-deinstitutionalizaion of the mentally ill
-release of those from hospitals without adequate care and community support -exodus of manufacturing firms -chronic unemployment -decline in real wages -real estate speculation -high rent |
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occupational prestige rankings include which occupations?
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police officers and social workers
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wealth vs income
top 1% of the population owns about _____% of all wealth in the US. |
38
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wealth vs income
bottom 80% accounts for _____% of national wealth. |
17
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the welathiest 1% _____ _____ than the least affluent 90% of americans.
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own more
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5% of population, but accounts for 22% of total income. net worth in the millions and billions.
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upper class
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15% of population. many have incomes of $150,000 or more as well as advanced college degrees.
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upper middle class
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33% of population. emulate and share the values of upper middle class, but lack the resources to copy lifestyles. many worked through college and spend like crazy using credit cards and loans.
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lower middle class
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30% of population. low wages. unpleasant work environments. make less than $50,000 a year. few have more than high school education. vulnerable to layoffs and long periods of unemployment.
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working class
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14% of population. work 27 weeks a year, but have incomes below poverty line. erratic jobs, minimum wage pay, no benefits.
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lower class
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states with most amount of poverty
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arkansas, louisiana, mississippi, tennessee, kentucky, and west virginia
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