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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
deviance |
violation of established contextual, cultural, and social norms, folkways and mores or codified laws |
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social control |
regulation and enforcement of norms |
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social order |
arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives |
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sanctions |
means of enforcing rules |
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positive sanctions |
rewards given for conforming |
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negative sanctions |
punishments for violating norms |
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informal sanctions |
won't be punished; disapproved |
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formal sanctions |
officially recognized and enforced |
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strain theory |
access to socially acceptable goals plays a part in setermining whether a person conforms or deviates |
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conformity |
comply with standards and rules |
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innovation |
pursue goals you can't reach by ligitimate means |
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ritualism |
lower goals instead of pursuing distant dreams |
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retreatism |
retreat/reject society's goals and means |
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rebellion |
replace society's goals and means |
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social disorganization theory |
asserts that crime is most likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and an abscense of social control |
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cultural deviance theory |
conformity to prevailing cultural norms of lower class (society causes crime) |
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conflict theory |
social and economic factors as causes of crime and deviance |
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power elite |
small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society (hold all the power and resources; celebrities, politicians, etc.) |
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labeling theory |
examines ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society |
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primary deviance |
violtion of norms; doesn't result in long-term effects on the individual's self-image and interactions with others |
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secondary deviance |
person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after actions are labeled as deviant |
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master status |
describes chief characteristics of the individual (doctor, artist, mother, beggar, addict, felon) |
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differencial association theory |
states individuals learn deviant behavior from those closest to them who provide models and opportunities for deviance |
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control theory |
social control is directly affected by strength of social bonds and deviance results from feeling a disconnection |
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attachment |
connection to others |
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commitment |
investment in a community |
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involvement |
participation in socially legit activities |
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self report study |
collection of data gathered by the use of voluntary esponse methods (questionnaire, phone call survey; NCVS) |
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criminal justice system |
organization to enforce legal code |
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police |
civil force in charge of enforcing laws and public order at federal, state, and community levels |
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court |
system with authority to make law-based decisions (trail, supreme) |
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corretion system |
tasked with supervising individuals that have been arrested, convicted, or sentenced for criminal offense (prison) |