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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

deviance

violation of established contextual, cultural, and social norms, folkways and mores or codified laws

social control

regulation and enforcement of norms

social order

arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives

sanctions

means of enforcing rules

positive sanctions

rewards given for conforming

negative sanctions

punishments for violating norms

informal sanctions

won't be punished; disapproved

formal sanctions

officially recognized and enforced

strain theory

access to socially acceptable goals plays a part in setermining whether a person conforms or deviates

conformity

comply with standards and rules

innovation

pursue goals you can't reach by ligitimate means

ritualism

lower goals instead of pursuing distant dreams

retreatism

retreat/reject society's goals and means

rebellion

replace society's goals and means

social disorganization theory

asserts that crime is most likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and an abscense of social control

cultural deviance theory

conformity to prevailing cultural norms of lower class (society causes crime)

conflict theory

social and economic factors as causes of crime and deviance

power elite

small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society (hold all the power and resources; celebrities, politicians, etc.)

labeling theory

examines ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society

primary deviance

violtion of norms; doesn't result in long-term effects on the individual's self-image and interactions with others

secondary deviance

person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after actions are labeled as deviant

master status

describes chief characteristics of the individual (doctor, artist, mother, beggar, addict, felon)

differencial association theory

states individuals learn deviant behavior from those closest to them who provide models and opportunities for deviance

control theory

social control is directly affected by strength of social bonds and deviance results from feeling a disconnection

attachment

connection to others

commitment

investment in a community

involvement

participation in socially legit activities

self report study

collection of data gathered by the use of voluntary esponse methods (questionnaire, phone call survey; NCVS)

criminal justice system

organization to enforce legal code

police

civil force in charge of enforcing laws and public order at federal, state, and community levels

court

system with authority to make law-based decisions (trail, supreme)

corretion system

tasked with supervising individuals that have been arrested, convicted, or sentenced for criminal offense (prison)