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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social structure
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the underlying pattern of social relationships
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status
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a position a person occupies within a social structure
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ascribed status
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neither earned nor chosen, it is assigned to us
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achieved status
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earned or chosen because people have some degree of control and choice
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status set
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all of the statuses an individual occupies
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master status
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more important than other statuses
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roles
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culturally defined rights and obligations attached to status
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rights
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inform individuals the behavior they can expect from others
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obligations
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inform individuals of the behavior others can expect from them
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role performance
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the actual conduct, or behavior, involved in activating a role
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social interaction
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the process of 2 or more persons influencing each others behavior
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role conflict
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when the performance of a role in one status clashes with the performance of a role in another status
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role strain
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when some of the roles of a single stats clash
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society
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composed of people living within defined territorial borders, sharing a common culture
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hunting and gathering society
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survives by hunting animals and gathering edible foods
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horticultural societies
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gets food from plants
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pastoral societies
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food is obtained by raising domesticated animals
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agricultural society
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gets food from farming (plow)
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industrial society
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a society whose subsistence is based primarily on the application of science and technology
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structural differentiation
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when a single social structure divides into two or more social structures
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gemeinschaft
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community- closely approximateing pre industrial society is based on tradition, kinship, and intimate social relationships
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gesellschaft
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society-industrial society is characterized by weak family ties, competition, and less personal relationships
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mechanical solidarity
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when most people in a society are doing the same type of work
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organic solidarity
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when when there is a very complex and differentiated division of labor (must rely on each other for needs)
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folk society
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rests on tradition, cultural and social consensus, family, personal ties, little division of labor, and emphasis on the sacred
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urban society
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social relationships are impersonal and contractual; the importance of family declines; cultural and social consensus is diminished; economic specialization becomes even more and secular concerns outweigh sacred ones
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postindustrial society
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is focused more in service industry rather than manufacturing
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