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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
analysis of existing data
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type of unobtrusive research that relies on data gathered earlier by someone else for some other purpose
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content analysis
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form of unobtrusive research that studies the content of recorded messages, such as books, speeches, poems, songs, television, shows, websites, and advertisements
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dependent variable
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experimental variable that is assumed to be caused by, or to change as a result of, the independent variable
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empirical research
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research that operates from the ideological position that questions about human behavior can be answered only through controlled, systematic observations in the real world
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experiment
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research method designed to elicit some sort of behavior, typically conducted under closely controlled laboratory circumstances
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field research
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type of social research in which the researcher observes events as they actually occur
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historical analysis
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form of social research that relies on existing historical documents as a source of data
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hopothesis
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researchable prediction that specifies the relationship between two or more variables
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incorrigible proposition
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unquestioned cultural belief that cannot be proved wrong no matter what happens to dispute it
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independent variable
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experimental variable presumed to cause or influence the dependent variable
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indicator
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measurable event, characteristic, or behavior commonly thought to reflect a particular concept
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moral entrepreneurs
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groups that work to have their moral concerns translated into law
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nonparticipant observation
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form of field research in which the researcher observes people without directly interacting with them and letting them know they are being observed
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participant observation
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forms of field research in which the researcher interacts with subjects, sometimes hiding his or her identity
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probablistic
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capable of identifying only those forces that have a high likelihood but not a certainty, of influencing human action.
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qualitative research
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sociological research based on nonnumerical information (text, written words, phrases, symbols, observations) that describes people, actions, or events in social life
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quantitative research
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sociological research based on the collection of numerical data that uses precise statistical analysis
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representative
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typical of the whole popluation being studied
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sample
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subgroup chosen for a study because its characteristics approximate those of the entire population
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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assumption or prediction that in itself causes the expected event to occur, thus seeming to confirm the prophecy's accuracy
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social construction of reality
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process through which the members of a society discover, make known, reaffirm, and alter a collective version of facts, knowledge, and "truth"
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survey
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form of social research in which the researcher asks subjects a series of questions, either verbally or on paper
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theory
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set of statements or propositions that seeks to explain or predict a particular aspect of social life
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unobtrusive research
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research technique in which the researcher, without direct contact with the subjects, examines the evidence of social behavior that people create or leave behind
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variable
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any characteristic, attitude, behavior or event that can take on two or more values or attributes
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visual sociology
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method of studying society that uses photographs, video, and film either as means of gathering data or as sources of data about social life
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