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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do sociologists define culture?
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They define it as 'designs for living': the living values, beliefs, etc. that constitute (errichten) a people's way of life.
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What is a non-material culture?
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The intagible (nicht greifbar) world of ideas created by members of a society that span a wide range from altruism (Selbstlos) to zen (Buddhismus)
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What is a material culture?
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It constitutes the tangible (handfest) things created by members of a society.
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How is nature produced?
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Through our varying histories and cultures.
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What are civilisations?
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They refer to the broadest, most comprehensive (umfassend) cultural entities (Instanzen).
-suggests the highest possible cultural groupings |
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What are the 5 major components of culture?
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1) Symbols
2) Language 3) Values 4) Norms 5) Material culture (artefacts) |
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What are symbols?
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Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share culture. Without them human existence would be meaningless.
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What are semiotics?
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The study of the symbols and signs, meanings are never inherent in objects but are constructed around them.
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What is language?
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A system of symbols that allows members of a society to communicate with one another. It sets free human imagination.
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What is cultural reproduction?
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The process by which one generation passes culture to the next.
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What is meant by oral cultural tradition?
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Transmission of culture through speech.
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What does the Sapir-Worf hypothesis says?
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People perceive the world through the cultural lens of language. "I think what I can say"
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What is linguistic determinism?
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Language shapes the way we think.
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What is linguistic relativity?
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Distinctions found in one language are not found in another. (how we understand the world)
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What is meant by values and beliefs?
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Values are the standards people have about what is good and bad. Beliefs are specific statements that people hold to be true.
Values = good/bad Beliefs = true/false |
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What are norms?
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Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.
-proscriptive norms: what we should not do -prescriptive norms: what we should do |
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What is meant by high culture?
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Refers to cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite.
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What is a popular culture?
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It designates cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population.
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What is the cultural capital?
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The practices where people can wield power and status because of their education, general cultural awareness and aesthetic preferences.
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What is a subculture?
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Cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society’s population.
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What is a counterculture?
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Cultural patterns that strongly oppose (ablehnen) those widely accepted within a society.
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What are the 3 ways cultural changes are set in motion?
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1) Invention (Telephon)
2) Discovery (Radioaktivität) 3) Diffusion (Übermittlung von Culture) |
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What is ethnocentrism?
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The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture. (Chinesen essen mit offenem Mund)
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What is cultural relativism?
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The practice of judging a culture by its own standards.
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What are cultural universals?
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Traits that are part of every known culture, e.g. jokes, family.
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What is hegemony (Vorherrschaft)?
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The means by which a ruling / dominant group wins over a subordinate group through ideas. Encouraging people to accept the existing social order uncritically.
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What is cultural hybridization?
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The ways in which parts of one culture get recombined with the cultures of another. (USA -european cultures combined)
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What is glocalisation?
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The ways in which global phenomena are responded to differently in local cultures.
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