Sociology

Front 1

Deviance

Back 1

someone who doesn't fit in the cultural norm

Front 2

crime

Back 2

violation of formal law

Front 3

strain theory

Back 3

Deviance is necessary for society to function. innovation, ritualism, retreatism

Front 4

Deviance innovation

Back 4

using conventional means to achieve a culturally accepted goal

Front 5

Ritualism

Back 5

inability to reach a cultural goal

Front 6

Retreatism

Back 6

Rejecting both cultural goals and means

Front 7

Durkheim and Deviance

Back 7

Deviance is a necessary element of society:

1. affirms cultural values and norms

2. Clarifies moral boundaries

3. Promotes social unity

4. Encourages social change

Front 8

Social Stratification

Back 8

A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a heirarchy

Front 9

Caste

Back 9

Closed- social stratification by ascription, or birth

Front 10

class system

Back 10

Open- social stratification baed on both birth and individual achievement

Front 11

Apartheid

Back 11

Caste system in South Africa

Front 12

Status consistency

Back 12

The degree of consistency in a person's social standing across various dimensions of social inequality

Front 13

Davis Moore Thesis

Back 13

SocialStratification had beneficial consequences for the operation of society:

1. The greater thefunctional importance of a position, the more reward society attached to it2. Any society can be egalitarian,but only to the extent that people are willing to let anyone perform any job.

3. Positions a societyconsiders crucial must offer enough rewards to draw talented people away fromless important work

Front 14

Karl Marx analysis of class

Back 14

Social stratification is rooted inpeople’s relationship to the means of production.

1. Capitalists: own andoperate business for profit

2. Proletariats: Working peopleAlienation: isolation and misery from powerlessness

3. Alienation: isolation and misery from powerlessness

Front 15

Max Weber analysis of class

Back 15

3 dimensions of inequality:

Wealth, prestige, power

Front 16

Poverty and children

Back 16

at least 100 million childrenin poor countries

Front 17

Poverty and women

Back 17

70% of the world's one billion people in poverty are women.

Front 18

Modernization theory

Back 18

Tradition is a barrier to economic development and technology is seen as a threat. Stages: traditional stage, take-off stage, drive to technological maturity, high mass consumption. Rich countries are supposed to increase food production, control population, introduce industrial technology and provide foreign aid.

Front 19

Dependency Theory

Back 19

Prosperity of rich counties come at the expense of poor countries.

Front 20

World Systems Theory

Back 20

Prosperity of any country results from the operation of global economic system. Rich nations are the core, low-income nations are periphery, and middle income nations are semi-periphery.

Front 21

Gender

Back 21

Personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to be female or male

Front 22

Sex

Back 22

biological differences between male and female

Front 23

Patriarchy

Back 23

Males dominate females

Front 24

Matriarchy

Back 24

females dominate males

Front 25

Why women are less

Back 25

77 cents on every man's dollar because of the type of work they, society's view of family and discrimination against women

Front 26

Women as minorities

Back 26

Women are a minority even though they outnumber men

Front 27

Violence against women

Back 27

rape, sexual assault, genital mutilation, honor killing, Dowry deaths, exploitation of underage girls

Front 28

Conflict perspective on gender

Back 28

Gender involves differences not just in behavior but in power as well.

Front 29

What roles does Talcott Parson attach to each gender?

Back 29

Instrumental (men)

Expressive (women)

Front 30

Race

Back 30

Biological

Front 31

Ethnicity

Back 31

Cultural

Front 32

Minority groups

Back 32

physical or cultural differences that a society sets apart and subordinates

Front 33

Prejudice

Back 33

rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people

Front 34

Stereotypes

Back 34

exaggerated description applied to every person in some category

Front 35

Racism

Back 35

belief that one category of people is innately superior or inferior to another

Front 36

Discrimination

Back 36

Unfair treatment of a category of people

Front 37

Scapegoat theory in race

Back 37

A category of people with little power being blamed for other people's troubles

Front 38

Authoritarian personality

Back 38

People that have extreme prejudice toward all minorities

Front 39

Conflict theory of racism

Back 39

used as a tool to oppress others

Front 40

Pluralism

Back 40

all races are distinct but socially equal

Front 41

Segregation

Back 41

De Jure (By law)

De Facto (By society)

Front 42

Genocide

Back 42

Systematic killing of one category of people by another