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31 Cards in this Set

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What are the 4 perspectives of Globalization?
1.) Economistic - an economic exchange that focuses on the smooth flow of finance capitol and trade
*Critics say Globalization is not merely economic
2.) Mutlidimensional - economic as well, BUT also political, technological, and cultural
*Critics say sure its multidimensional, but what about power and hegemony
3.) Cosmopolitan - organization of nation states that reject national loyalties in favor or shared commonalities and cooperation
*Critics ask can this materialize with commercial interest and egocentric beliefs?
4.) Unipolar - international policies meant to spread democracy and free market capitalism and bring peace and prosperity around the world
*Critics say its imperialism, the US would be world police
Positive: Foreign competition is good for consumers because it allows more choice and cheaper, quality products
Negative: Wage reduction profits does not always go to the consumer, it goes to the company
Positive: There is less inequality between persons (as income figures show)
Negative: Conflicting sources; inequality is actually higher then ever in some countries
Positive: More jobs are created in America
Negative: What jobs? Not full time with benefits
Positive: Process is painful (short run) for less efficient industries
Negative: This assumes that long run is better
Positive: Employees in 3rd world get paid more by American companies than avg. job.
Negative: There is still exploitation. Conditions are poor, workers become dependent on foreign investment; companies have no interest in reinvesting
Positive: 500 biggest companies in US were not as strong in 1990 as they were in 1980 (113 "disapeared")
Negative: This is false, companies do not disapear, they simply merge, which cause more monopolies
Positive: World is moving toward a common objective: Pluralism
Negative: Tell that to mom and pop stores out of business by Wal-mart, McD, and Starbucks
What are 2 reason why we are apathetic to Global Inequality?
1.) We have a lack of knowledge. The fortunate do not know that 20% of the world population lives on less than $1/day and 50% of the world population lives on $2/day. They probably also dont know that the top 20% holds 85% of the world's wealth. Right here in America, the top 20% of out population holds 50% of the wealth

2.) The second is the MYTH OF UNDERDEVLOPMENT, where people believe the 3rd world nations are not rich in resources. However its other foreign countries that come and exploit them for these resources for their own profits. Globalization is speeding this process up.
Why should we care about Global Inequality?
1.) Humanization - Shouldn't life be fair for all of us?
2.) The poor conditions, lack of health, and unhealthy conditions created by inequality creates breeding grounds for infectious diseases that can eventually affect those creating these conditions
3.) The poverty created can also "breed" political violence and terrorism
4.) Because these people are poor, they can be exploited for cheap labor, which in turn leads to Americans be exploited of opportunities for new jobs.
What are the 3 top reason for death in poor countries that are preventable?
Lack of food, unsafe sex, and lack of safe water
What are the 3 types of Capitalist Nations and describe each.
1.)Corporate Dominated (US, Can., UK)
a.Characteristics
i.Little gov’t intervention
ii.Weak declining unions (<10% in US)
iii.Low labor costs
iv.Weak working class
b.Outcomes
i.High inequality
ii.Low job quality
iii.Cheap production
2.)Cooperative Capitalism (Western EU, Germany, France)
a.Characteristics
i.Strong labor laws and unions
ii.State regulation of economy
iii.Large welfare state
b.Outcomes
i.Low inequality
ii.High job security
iii.High production costs
3.)State Development Capitalism (Japan, E. Asia)
a.Characteristics
i.Strong state intervention
ii.Private sect’ guided by gov’t bureaucracies
iii.Gov’t plans economy keeping long term goals in mind
b.Outcomes
i.Low inequality
ii.Medium job security
What must a country be leading in to be considered economically dominent?
1.) Productivity Dominence - high quality/low price products
2.) Trade Dominence - others buy core countries stuff
3.) Financial Dominence - more money in then out
4.) Military Dominence - usually follow these
What are two types of World Systems and what are they concerned with?
1.) World Empires - concerned with political dominence
2.) Modern Empires - concerned with economic profit dominence
What are 3 types of American workers defined by Robert Reich?
1.) Routine Producers - many jobs outsourec to other countries
2.) In Person Servers - now compete with farmer production workers, machinery, and immigrants
3.) Symbolic Analysts - persons who think creatively to make new designs and concepts
What are 3 types of Slavery?
1.) Chattel Slavery - captured, born, sold (smallest propportion - W.Africa and Arab sites)
2.) Debt Bondage - pledge themselves against loans (Largest proportion - India)
3.) Contract Slavery - contracts offered for factory work, workers are enslaved - second largest proportion - S.E. Asia and Brazil)
What the differences between Old and New Slavery?
1.) Legality - Legal terms are asserted in the old, and avoided in the new
2.) Price - Purchase Price is high in the old, and low in the new
3.) Profits - Profits are low in the old, and high in the new
4.) Availability - Availability is short in the old, and high in the new
5.) Holding Tenure - Holding Tenure is long term in the old, and short term in the new
6.) Treatment - Treatment was based on maintaining in the old, and they are disposable in the new
7.) Race - Race Mattered in the old, but not in the new
What are two crucial shifts that helped slavery thrive?
1.) Population increase after WWII led to many potential slaves
2.) Modernization led to increase in rich/poor gap which led to many more poor people
How many slaves are estimated in New Slavery?
27 million
What is Bales definition of Modern Slavery?
The total control of someone by another for economic exploitation
What arr two ways we can stop slavery?
1.) Put pressure on the profits of companies using slavery, buy buying products that are made under 'fair labor'. this however may prove to be a challenege since some people may not care, just as long as their product is cheap.
2.) Through education. This can be done by developing anti-slavery campaigns like Anti-Slavery International, Free the Slaves, and Amnesty Intl. It can also be done right now through laws we can change. For example, there is a bigger penalty for stealing music slavery.
What are the 3 Gaps that Friedman speaks of and explain each.
1.) Ambition Gap - The fact that we are "lazy" and dont understand that it takes work to achieve success
2.) Numbers Gap - There are not enough "symbolic analyst" because we use to "import" them. Now they stay in their respective growing countries
3.) Education Gap - Our education system doesnt produce the results that come from foreign education systems
What is the WTO and what does it do?
It is the World Trade Organization. They allow trade to flow smoothly, fairly, freely, and predictably. They do this by administiring trade agreements, acting as a forum for disputes and settling said disputes.
What are the 3 main points to the Modern World System
1.) It's the appropriate way to view the world as the behavior and experiences of the nations that it is made of depend greatly on how they interact as a whole.
2.) It is composed of 3 structural positions
3.) The structural positions are not merely labels, they represent an international division of labor in which the core is linked to the periphery in dynamic and exploitive ways.
What are the 3 structural positions of the Modern World System?
1.) Core - economically diversified, wealthy, highly industrialized and powerful, and fight to keep periphery nations in their trade orbit
BENEFITS: access to cheap raw materials, cheap labor, profits from direct capitol investments, a market for exports, and professional migrants from periphery.
2.) Periphery - Less economically developed, depend on exporting raw materials to core nations, high inequality (land is owned by few and these owners often work for multinational corporations), must follow economic policies of the core.
BENEFITS: Jobs, military, Aid, Trade dollars for raw materials (all harmful in long run)
3.) Semi-periphery - in between core and periphery, which are now moving up the rank of nations because of fast economic development, such as E. and S.E. Asia, or moving down the ranks, like Argentina, which has been in an economic crisis.
When did the US hit an economic decline?
by the 1970's
What two things happened that caused an economic boom from the cold war until 2001 and what resulted from it?
1.) Corporate elite pressured government to reduce taxes, have fewer labor laws, and not support unions.
2.) Endorsed national strategy to make America more competitive again

Results:
1.) leaner production
2.) less pay (lowest wages of all industrialized nations)
3.) Cut benefits
What was a first for the US in 2003?
Economic recovery progressed while unemployment and poverty rose
How many children under 5 die in rich and poor countries respectively?
7/1000 and 171/1000
What is the percentage of people with HIV/AIDS in rich and poor countries respectively?
.61% and 14-36%
Why are orphans higher in poor countries?
High fertility rates and diseases that kill parents