Sociology

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The logical, systematic methods by which knowledge is acquired as well as the actual body of knowledge produced by these methods.

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Science

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Is less advanced than natural sciences.

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Sociology

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Study mental processes such as emotions, memory, cognition and perception.

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Psychologists

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Studies political power, political processes, and governmental systems.

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Political science

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The study of human evolution and culture.

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Anthropology

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A French philosopher who is often called the "founder of sociology".

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Auguste Comte

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Considered one of the greatest English social thinkers of his time. An advocate of social Darwinism.

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Herbert Spencer

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German born and was the most important figure in the 19th century. Wrote works about philosophy, economics, political science, and history.

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Karl Marx

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French sociologist who was a strong influence to the discipline of sociology. Considered problem of social order.

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Emile Durkheim

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German sociologist considered the most influential individual in Western Sociology.

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Max Weber

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Statement that organizes a set of concepts in a significant and relevant way by explaining the relationship among them.

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Theory

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Social order and stability.

One of 3 theoretical perspectives.

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Functionalist

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Social Change.

One of 3 theoretical perspectives.

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Conflict theory

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Everyday experiences.

One of 3 theoretical perspectives.

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Interactionist

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A consequence that is obvious.

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Manifest Function

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An unintended or unrealized consequence.

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Latent Function

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A meaningful representation of something.

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Symbol

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Spenser, Durkheim, Parsons, Merton are all?

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Functionalist

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Marx, Wright Mills, Dahrendorf, Collins are all?

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Conflict

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Weber, Herbert Mead, Goffman, Homans are all?

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Interactionist

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Research done just for the sake of knowledge.

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Basic Research

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Research conducted to provide solutions to immediat, practical problems.

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Applied Research

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A system of rules, procedures, and principles that guides scientific investigation.

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Methodology

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Direct observance using the human senses (sight and hearing).

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Empirical Research

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Data collection to determine why and what is happening to whom.

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Descriptive Studies

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Answers why and how things happen.

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Explanatory Studies

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A generalization. A way to label similar things.

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Sociological Concept

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Any charachteristic that can change or differ from time to time, individual to individual, or place to place.

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Variable

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When one variable is found to influence another.

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Causation

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When one variable influences another variable.

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Independent Variable

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The variable that is affected.

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Dependent Variable

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Whether there is a relationship between the variable that occurs with any regularity.

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Correlation

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A correlation that is merely coincidental and does not imply any causal relationship.

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Spurious Correlation

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Type of applied research. Can be conducted in lab or field. Studies relationship between 2 variables under controlled conditions.

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Social Experiments

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The group exposed to the independent variable.

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Experimental group

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Group exposed to all conditions except the independent variable.

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Control Group

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Subject's assumptions about what the experimenter is trying to discover may contaminate the experiment.

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Hawthorne Effect

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Obtains info in a standard form about attitudes, behaviors, or other characteristics of a population.

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Survey

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Examines a specified group, event or social process.

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Observational Studies

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Form of field observation. Used either after or during an event.

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Case Study

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What are the parts of the Model for Sociological Research?

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Define the problem, Review the literature, Develop the hypothesis, Research design, Data collection, Analyzing data, Draw a conclusion.