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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some effects of the parents' social class?
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Health, education, working life, crime and justice
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What is income and wealth?
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Income: the amount of money an individual or family receives a year.
Wealth: the total value of the assets owned. |
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What is the Matthew Effect?
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The notion that people who have wealth, fame, or other scarce social goods find it easier to accumulate more of these compared to those who have none of these goods.
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What are some cultural explanations of inequality?
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People in different social classes have different morals and beliefs.
The values, beliefs,and norms of lower classes are not compatible with success in society. |
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What is Oscar Lewis' "Culture of Poverty"?
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Poverty tends to perpetuate itself from generation to generation.
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What are some structural explanations of inequality?
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The differences in the values are more consequences of poverty than causes.
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What is blaming the victim?
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Unjustly stating or believing that the cause of a problem resides in the individuals or groups who experience the problem, when the real source of the problem is actually within the social environment.
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What is tracking in schools?
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Ability grouping that has a nevative effect on the achievement of lower track groups, a negligible effect on middle groups, and a weak to modest positive effect on higher track students.
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What is the pygmalion effect?
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The effect of teachers' expectations on students' performance.
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Why is a dollar not always a dollar?
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Because education pays higher dividents for some people than for others. Even if you have money in hand, it will buy more or less depending on who you are.
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What is prejudice?
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A negative and persistent judgement based on scant or incorrect information about people in a group.
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What are stereotypes?
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Oversimplified generalized images about members of a particular group.
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What did Robert Merton say about discrimination?
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Just as not all people are prejudiced practice discrimination, not all people who practice discrimination are prejudiced.
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What is individual discrimination?
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Occurs when an individual discriminates against another.
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What is ethnicity?
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Has to do with shared cultural heritage.
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What did Margaret Mead say?
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It is a mistake to confuse sex, which is biological, with gender, which is social.
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What is stratification?
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The social hierarchy.
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What are legitimating rationales?
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Widely accepted beliefs that inequalities are right.
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What is transmigration?
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If you were good in a previous life, you will be higher up. No movement. Reincarnation. Karma is fate. Dharma is caste-based duties. Varna, jatis are grades of being. Brahman, kshatraiyas, etc are stratification system roles.
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What is the estate stystem?
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Place in life is predetermined by God at birth. 3 estates determine standing.
1) Aristocracy 2) Clergy 3) Peasants Villiens are peasants, serfs. |
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What is the class system?
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You can be as high up as you work to be. Sometimes ascribed; mostly achieved. Bourgeouisie are the shopkeepers who owned means of production; Proletariat are the workers.
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What is the theory of life style versus life chances?
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Life chances is the access to important things such as jobs and housing.
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What is manumission?
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Under certain circumstances, slaves can be made free.
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What is social mobility?
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Movement in the system.
Horizontal: in the same stratum Vertical: up and down in a system Intergenerational: across generations Intragenerational: in one lifetime |
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What are open systems versus closed systems?
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Open is lots of movement, closed is no movement whatsoever.
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