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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gender and Mass Media
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Forms of communications that are directed to large audiences.
Television and movies: reinforce sterotypes of the sexes Video games: Reflect cutting edge change in sex roles |
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Agents of Socilization
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people and groups that influence our orientations to life- our self concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors. Family, neighborhood, religion, daycare, school and peer groups and workplace
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Language (5 things language does)
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A system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought.
1- enables our experiences to be cumulative. 2- have a shared past 3- have a shared future 4- shared perspective 5- to be complex, shared, goal directed behavior |
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Cultural Relativism
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understand/view/judge based on that cultural standards
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Beliefs
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a statement about reality that people accept as true. Based on logive, faith, other people's opinions and traditions.
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Norms (type of norms)
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standard of acceptable behavior
Folkway- traditionall done-break folkway-not a big deal Mores- vital/morality-right/wrong Law- A norm that is formely adopted. Taboos- unthinkable, off-limits, NOrm so engraved that the though of thinking about it makes u sick. |
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Ethnocentrism
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the use of ones own cultues as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms and behaviors
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Transitional Adulthood
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the period follong adolscence during which young adults gradually ease into adult responsibilities
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Emerging Values
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Leisure, self-fulfillment, physical fitness, youthfulness, concern the environment
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Gender and Peers
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Peer group: individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests. Friends, classmates, and the kid in the neighborhood
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Anticipatory socilization
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learning to play a role before entering it because on anticipates a future role, one learns part of it now
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Looking Glass Self
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a term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which ourselfs develops through internalizing others reactions to us
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Sapir Whorf Hypothesis
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Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorfs hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving
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Gestures
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the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another
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Society
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people who share a culture and a territory
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Culture Shock
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the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a funamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken for granted assumptions about life
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Gender in the Family
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Parents are the first significant who teach us our part in this symbolic vision. Given different kind of toys because of their gender
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Resocialization
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the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
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Mead and Role Taking
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George Herbert Mead
-Mead believes self is the product of more than peoples perceptions of other people's reactions to them -Mead believe that people read complicated situations before taking whatever actions are judged most appropriate |
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Cultural Lag
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Ogburns term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations
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Symbol/Symbolic Culture
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Symbol: something to which people attach meanings and then use them to communicate with others.
Symbolic Culture: another term for nonmaterial culture |
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Taboo
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unthinkinable, off-limits, Morm so engraved that the thought of thinking about it makes u sick
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Counterculture
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a group whose values, beliefs, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture
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US Values
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1. Achievenment and Success
2. Individualism 3. Activity and work 4. Efficiency and practicality 5. Science and Technology 6. Progess 7. Material Comfort 8. Humanitariansim 9. Freedom 10. Democracy 11. Equality 12. Racism and group superiority 13. Education 14. Religiosity 15. Romantic love |
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Gender Socialization
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the ways in which society sets children onto different courses in life because they are male or female
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Life Course
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the stages of our life as we go from birth to death
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Piaget and development of reasoning
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Formal Operational Stage (after age of 12) children are now able of abstract thinking
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Value Contradiction
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values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other
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Value Cluster
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values that fit together
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Nonmaterial Culture
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(also called symbolic culture) a groups ways of thinking (including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) and doing (its common patterns of behavior, including language and other forms of interaction)
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Cultural Diffusion
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the spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another
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Subcuture
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the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world
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Socialization and emotions
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Socialization: the process byw chi people learn the characteristic of their group. the knowledge, skills, attitudes. values and actions thoughts appropriate for them
Global Emotions: everyone experiences to basic emotions, anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and suprise Expressing emotions: Facial expressions are only one way in which we show emotion |
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Degradation Ceremony
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a term coing by Harold Garfinkel to describe an attempt to make the self by stripping away an individuals sel-identity and stamping a new identity in its place
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Piaget and Development of Reasoning
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Children go through 4 stages as they develop the ability to reason:
Sensorimotor Stage: from birth to age 2-understanding is unlimted to direct contact with the environment-sucking,touching,listening, looking-cannot recognize cause and effect Preoperational Stage: From 2-7, children develop the ability to use symbols Concrete Operational: 7-12, can understand numbers, causation, and speed and they are able to take the role of the other and to particpate in team games |
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Technolgy
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in its narrow sense; tools; in broad sense includes the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools; a major source of social change
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Pluralistic Society
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a society made up of many different groups
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Material Culture
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the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing and jewelry
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Cultural leveling
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the process by which cultures become simliar to one another; especially the process by which U.S. Cultuere being exported and diffused into other nations
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Cultural Universal
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element of culture; the same in all cultures
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Freud and development of personality
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Id- Freuds term for our inborn basic drives
Ego- Freud's term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society Superego: Freuds term for the conscience the norms and values that we have internalized |
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Total instituion
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a place in which people are cut off from the rest of society and are almost totally controlled by the officals who run the place
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Sanctions (Positive/Negative)
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expression of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms
Positive: expresses approval for following a norm Negative: reflects disapproval for breaking a norm |
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New Technology
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the emerging technology of an era that has a significant impact on social ife
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Values
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the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly
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Culture
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the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next
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Ideal Culture
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the ideal values and norms of a person; the goals held out for them
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Real Culture
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the norms and values that people actually follow
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