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101 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is happening in Sudan?
A combination of tribes and official State Army conduct war against (nominally) their own people.
Who seeks to expand criminology to include acts that hurt and kill people?
Hagan
Hagan quotes Sutherland in saying that crime is a legal description of an act as __ and a provision for __ for those acts.
Crime is a legal description of an act as socially harmful and a provision for penalty for those acts.
What is a set of interrelated constructs, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining, predicting, and controlling the phenomena.
Theory
What should/could theories of crime and deviance do? (4)
1. specify what actions
2. specify range and must be falsifiable
3. specify conditions
4. specify mechanisms
What does Baumer and Chicago theories say about social class?
The more disadvantaged the area, the more gun crime more frequently.
What does McNulty and Bellair say about race?
Social cap crucial, not race.
Community disadvantages more important for Blacks, Family disadvantage for Latinos.
What does the law and economics theory say? (7)
1. radical micro model-unit as person
2. utility/wealth maximizing
3. everything is commensurable
4. cost benefit as basic tool
5. prefer market based solutions
6. law required to restore market conditions
7. law seeks Lease Cost Avoider
The law and economic, rational choice theory asks us to __, know how the __, and sees the human as __ and society as __.
adjust price, costs and benefits
CB operates- certainty, speed, severity
utility maximizer
sum of micro decisions
Why do drug dealers live with their Moms?
Levitt
John Kenneth Galbraith: human actions are complex, and to comprehend their character is mentally tiring. Therefore we adhere, as though to a raft, to those ideas which represent our understanding."
Galbraith on policy and intellectual laziness.
The Black Disciples Gang is like __.
McDonald's
What did Donahue and Levitt say about the abortions?
Abortion shifts the curve itself down by removing potential criminals.
In the Social Disorganization Theory, what are the Do, Know, Human, Society and Level of Analysis.
Do: fix networks, social capital
Know: networks, how to create and channel social and human capital
Human: actor in "node"
Society: result of social-econ structure and culture
Level of Analysis: generally meso
What are the different zones that the Chicago School studies? (5)
1. Loop
2. Zone of Transition
3. Zone of Workingmen's Homes
4. Residential Zone
5. Commuters Zone
"Difficulty of maintaining networks of intimate contacts, which in a small town insured the existence of a common purpose is very great...All the traditional forms of local government fail or break down."
Zorbaugh on mechanisms
What immigrants moved to Chicago? (waves)
German, Irish, Swedes then
Italian, Polish later
Blacks, Persians, Greeks
What neighborhood in the Gold Coast is violating the Social Code a vastly greater sin than to violate the 10 Commandments?
Gold Coast
What neighborhood is very mobile with better/upwardly mobile white collar class unmarried singles.
Furnished Rooms
This neighborhood is 2nd rate Bohemia with "rooms for rent" and egocentric poseurs, neurotics, and bad artists.
Towertown
What neighborhood is called the Half World?
Rialto
What kind of neighborhood has street crime, broken institutions, broken networks, broken windows, and structured rational choices?
Slum
Criminals, prostitutes, outlaws, hobos, dregs and derelicts can be found here.
Slum
This is a distinctive area of disintegration and disorganization but also freedom and individualism.
Slum
What was the order of immigrants in the slum?
Irish, Germans, Swedes, Sicilians, and Blacks.
This area was the first colony for new immigrants.
Slum
What are the three capitals that the slum is low on?
Financial, human and social capital.
What has a high rate in the slum?
High poverty, high mortality, and high mobility within the community.
How is the slum segregated?
By economic processes that also creates attitudes.
Crime and deviance lose __ as cultures and habits lose __.
Sanctions, power.
The slums have no __, no __ and no __.
Slums have no community, no collective interests, no capacity to meete crises.
Boy's gang as adjustment to the failed community and family: __.
Gangs become routinized as athletic clubs.
It is convenient for politicians to use gangs as a source of __.
disorder
What did Sampson and Morenoff and Raudenbush focus on?
They focused on street, interpersonal violence.
Social Capital leads to __.
Social Networks
Wilson points out that strong ties can still lead to __.
social disorganization
What can social disorganization be defined as by Sampson?
The inability of a community to realize the common values of its residents. (strong/weak/thick ties)
What does Sampson say about Uptown, Neighborhood Watch, and Take Back the Night?
"Collective efficacy." Working trust and shared willingness to intervene.
Proximity to risk of violence is tied to __, __, and __.
poverty, affluence, and efficacy
Can "Bridging Social Capital" be a positive force and affect __, __, etc?
grants, police patrols
What is the Do of the Pessimistic theory?
Provide organization and network ties.
Effect of family structures on networks:
Unemployment leads to broken families which leads to no ties.
70% of poor blacks live in poverty areas.
70% of poor whites live in non-poverty areas.
New York in 1980
Macro of Social Disorganization?
Deindustrialization, decline of labor markets and opportunities, public housing policies.
Know of Social Disorganization?
Community contexts, system efficacy, links from micro to macro
Macro forces leads to community resource and networks which leads to social disorganization which leads to __.
cultural norms supporting lawbreaking as culture of social isolation develops as adaptation to external opportunities.
What has a strong interest in addressing problems and mapping and describing larger ranges of social pathologies?
Jane Addams and Settlement House Movement.
What is the Do of Differential Association/Social Learning?
Adjust networks of social ties.
What is the Know of Differential Association/Social Learning?
The number and type of definitions.
What is the Human of Differential Association/Social Learning?
Sum total of definitions.
What is the Society of Differential Association/Social Learning?
Differentially organized learning situations.
What does Sutherland in 1947 study?
The making, breaking, and social reaction to breaking.
What are the 9 things that Sutherland proposes?
1. Learned
2. In interactions
3. In small groups
4. Learn techniques and motives/attitudes
5. attitude- as % of definitions- toward legal code is favorable/unfavorable
6.Deviant/Criminal when unfavorable > favorable definitions of law
7. Frequency/Intensity/Duration/Priority
8. Learn crime the same way you learn everything else
9. Futility of explaining crime as a "drive" to acquire money
DA: function of ____
F x I x D x P -> Crime/Not Crime
What are the two problems of DA (fog of understanding)?
1. Perceptions of behavior more influential than definitions/attitudes toward law
2. Recent peers have more influence than long term historical trends- and it is direct rather than through attitudes and definitions.
Sutherland, unlike many of his followers, also studied __.
political influence, economic changes and macro.
Egoistic:
too much self
Anomic:
too few norms
Altruistic:
ties to country strong
Fatalistic:
slave situation
What is the Do of Strain and Anomie Theory?
Increased opportunity reduces barriers.
What is the Know of Strain and Anomie Theory?
How social structures create barriers.
What is the Human of the Social and Anomie Theory?
Social Animals
What is the Society of Strain and Anomie Theory?
Structured by class race and gender.
What is the Level of Analysis for the Strain and Anomie Theory?
Meso
The strain theory by Merton and Anomie is the most famous US contribution to Deviance used to __.
help explain street crime, subcultures, and distribution of deviance and crime.
Merton's Modes of Adaption (1938) are __. (list 5)
situational
1. Conformity
2. Innovation
3. Ritualist
4. Retreatist
5. Rebellion
Conformity:
Normal Goals and Normal Means
Innovation:
Normal Goals and Deviant means.
Ritualist:
Deviant Goals and Normal Means.
Retreatist:
Deviant Goals and Deviant Means.
Rebellion:
Replaced Goals and Replaced Means.
Kim and Pridemore saw a huge increase in __ and looked at the strength and weaknesses of __.
anomie, social problems
formal soc-political institutions and social (family, education).
Kim and Pridemore found high death, high crime, and high victimization among __.
middle aged males.
The Soviet Union had a high murder rate all along and rose __ times as sharply after __.
3
dissolution
What does Classic Katz say about crime?
We need to understand and appreciate the meaning of it while not accepting it.
The Seduction of Crime (4)
1. Foreground variables most important
2. Intentionally sexual meaning
3. Crime as a rush, charge, excitement, and stardom/fame
4. Slaughter, sneaky thrills, ways of the badass, street elites, doing stickup
In LA, gangs are seen as a __.
noun, organized and explanatory.
In NY, gangs are seen as a __.
verb, chaotic and random
In LA, there are __ gangs in the media.
2,168
In NY, there are __ gangs in the media.
312
In LA, the police are __.
chaotic and disorganized.
In NY, the police are __.
professional and organized
In LA, experts are __.
social and ad hoc groups
In NY, experts are the __.
police
In LA, solutions are __.
social and ad hoc groups
In NY, solutions are __ and __.
police and broken windows
In LA, the enemy are __.
gangs and police
In NY, the enemy is __.
chaos
In LA, SOPs are __.
chaotic with a high turnover
In NY, SOPs are __.
management style- CEO.
In LA, the resolution is __.
constant change
In NY, the resolution is __.
public service commissions
In LA and NY, the official data are __.
suspect
In LA, data trends are __%.
50%
In NY, data trends are __% with a __.
60% with a sharper rise earlier
What are three data problems in NY?
1. Lack of comparisons
2. Raw numbers and warm bodies, not rates
3. Periodization: Dinkins vs Giuliani
The biggest percentage of crime in LA is __.
youth crime
In LA, unlike NY, there are fewer __. These are used as stepping stones for political office.
independent commissions
In NY, __ become politicians, attacking official misconduct.
prosecutors
Need for fluid understanding.
Fleisher