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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is happening in Sudan?
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A combination of tribes and official State Army conduct war against (nominally) their own people.
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Who seeks to expand criminology to include acts that hurt and kill people?
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Hagan
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Hagan quotes Sutherland in saying that crime is a legal description of an act as __ and a provision for __ for those acts.
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Crime is a legal description of an act as socially harmful and a provision for penalty for those acts.
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What is a set of interrelated constructs, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining, predicting, and controlling the phenomena.
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Theory
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What should/could theories of crime and deviance do? (4)
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1. specify what actions
2. specify range and must be falsifiable 3. specify conditions 4. specify mechanisms |
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What does Baumer and Chicago theories say about social class?
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The more disadvantaged the area, the more gun crime more frequently.
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What does McNulty and Bellair say about race?
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Social cap crucial, not race.
Community disadvantages more important for Blacks, Family disadvantage for Latinos. |
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What does the law and economics theory say? (7)
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1. radical micro model-unit as person
2. utility/wealth maximizing 3. everything is commensurable 4. cost benefit as basic tool 5. prefer market based solutions 6. law required to restore market conditions 7. law seeks Lease Cost Avoider |
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The law and economic, rational choice theory asks us to __, know how the __, and sees the human as __ and society as __.
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adjust price, costs and benefits
CB operates- certainty, speed, severity utility maximizer sum of micro decisions |
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Why do drug dealers live with their Moms?
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Levitt
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John Kenneth Galbraith: human actions are complex, and to comprehend their character is mentally tiring. Therefore we adhere, as though to a raft, to those ideas which represent our understanding."
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Galbraith on policy and intellectual laziness.
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The Black Disciples Gang is like __.
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McDonald's
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What did Donahue and Levitt say about the abortions?
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Abortion shifts the curve itself down by removing potential criminals.
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In the Social Disorganization Theory, what are the Do, Know, Human, Society and Level of Analysis.
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Do: fix networks, social capital
Know: networks, how to create and channel social and human capital Human: actor in "node" Society: result of social-econ structure and culture Level of Analysis: generally meso |
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What are the different zones that the Chicago School studies? (5)
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1. Loop
2. Zone of Transition 3. Zone of Workingmen's Homes 4. Residential Zone 5. Commuters Zone |
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"Difficulty of maintaining networks of intimate contacts, which in a small town insured the existence of a common purpose is very great...All the traditional forms of local government fail or break down."
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Zorbaugh on mechanisms
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What immigrants moved to Chicago? (waves)
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German, Irish, Swedes then
Italian, Polish later Blacks, Persians, Greeks |
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What neighborhood in the Gold Coast is violating the Social Code a vastly greater sin than to violate the 10 Commandments?
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Gold Coast
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What neighborhood is very mobile with better/upwardly mobile white collar class unmarried singles.
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Furnished Rooms
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This neighborhood is 2nd rate Bohemia with "rooms for rent" and egocentric poseurs, neurotics, and bad artists.
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Towertown
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What neighborhood is called the Half World?
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Rialto
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What kind of neighborhood has street crime, broken institutions, broken networks, broken windows, and structured rational choices?
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Slum
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Criminals, prostitutes, outlaws, hobos, dregs and derelicts can be found here.
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Slum
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This is a distinctive area of disintegration and disorganization but also freedom and individualism.
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Slum
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What was the order of immigrants in the slum?
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Irish, Germans, Swedes, Sicilians, and Blacks.
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This area was the first colony for new immigrants.
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Slum
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What are the three capitals that the slum is low on?
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Financial, human and social capital.
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What has a high rate in the slum?
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High poverty, high mortality, and high mobility within the community.
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How is the slum segregated?
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By economic processes that also creates attitudes.
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Crime and deviance lose __ as cultures and habits lose __.
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Sanctions, power.
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The slums have no __, no __ and no __.
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Slums have no community, no collective interests, no capacity to meete crises.
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Boy's gang as adjustment to the failed community and family: __.
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Gangs become routinized as athletic clubs.
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It is convenient for politicians to use gangs as a source of __.
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disorder
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What did Sampson and Morenoff and Raudenbush focus on?
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They focused on street, interpersonal violence.
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Social Capital leads to __.
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Social Networks
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Wilson points out that strong ties can still lead to __.
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social disorganization
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What can social disorganization be defined as by Sampson?
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The inability of a community to realize the common values of its residents. (strong/weak/thick ties)
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What does Sampson say about Uptown, Neighborhood Watch, and Take Back the Night?
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"Collective efficacy." Working trust and shared willingness to intervene.
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Proximity to risk of violence is tied to __, __, and __.
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poverty, affluence, and efficacy
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Can "Bridging Social Capital" be a positive force and affect __, __, etc?
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grants, police patrols
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What is the Do of the Pessimistic theory?
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Provide organization and network ties.
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Effect of family structures on networks:
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Unemployment leads to broken families which leads to no ties.
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70% of poor blacks live in poverty areas.
70% of poor whites live in non-poverty areas. |
New York in 1980
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Macro of Social Disorganization?
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Deindustrialization, decline of labor markets and opportunities, public housing policies.
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Know of Social Disorganization?
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Community contexts, system efficacy, links from micro to macro
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Macro forces leads to community resource and networks which leads to social disorganization which leads to __.
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cultural norms supporting lawbreaking as culture of social isolation develops as adaptation to external opportunities.
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What has a strong interest in addressing problems and mapping and describing larger ranges of social pathologies?
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Jane Addams and Settlement House Movement.
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What is the Do of Differential Association/Social Learning?
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Adjust networks of social ties.
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What is the Know of Differential Association/Social Learning?
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The number and type of definitions.
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What is the Human of Differential Association/Social Learning?
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Sum total of definitions.
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What is the Society of Differential Association/Social Learning?
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Differentially organized learning situations.
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What does Sutherland in 1947 study?
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The making, breaking, and social reaction to breaking.
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What are the 9 things that Sutherland proposes?
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1. Learned
2. In interactions 3. In small groups 4. Learn techniques and motives/attitudes 5. attitude- as % of definitions- toward legal code is favorable/unfavorable 6.Deviant/Criminal when unfavorable > favorable definitions of law 7. Frequency/Intensity/Duration/Priority 8. Learn crime the same way you learn everything else 9. Futility of explaining crime as a "drive" to acquire money |
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DA: function of ____
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F x I x D x P -> Crime/Not Crime
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What are the two problems of DA (fog of understanding)?
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1. Perceptions of behavior more influential than definitions/attitudes toward law
2. Recent peers have more influence than long term historical trends- and it is direct rather than through attitudes and definitions. |
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Sutherland, unlike many of his followers, also studied __.
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political influence, economic changes and macro.
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Egoistic:
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too much self
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Anomic:
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too few norms
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Altruistic:
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ties to country strong
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Fatalistic:
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slave situation
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What is the Do of Strain and Anomie Theory?
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Increased opportunity reduces barriers.
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What is the Know of Strain and Anomie Theory?
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How social structures create barriers.
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What is the Human of the Social and Anomie Theory?
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Social Animals
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What is the Society of Strain and Anomie Theory?
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Structured by class race and gender.
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What is the Level of Analysis for the Strain and Anomie Theory?
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Meso
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The strain theory by Merton and Anomie is the most famous US contribution to Deviance used to __.
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help explain street crime, subcultures, and distribution of deviance and crime.
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Merton's Modes of Adaption (1938) are __. (list 5)
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situational
1. Conformity 2. Innovation 3. Ritualist 4. Retreatist 5. Rebellion |
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Conformity:
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Normal Goals and Normal Means
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Innovation:
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Normal Goals and Deviant means.
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Ritualist:
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Deviant Goals and Normal Means.
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Retreatist:
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Deviant Goals and Deviant Means.
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Rebellion:
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Replaced Goals and Replaced Means.
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Kim and Pridemore saw a huge increase in __ and looked at the strength and weaknesses of __.
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anomie, social problems
formal soc-political institutions and social (family, education). |
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Kim and Pridemore found high death, high crime, and high victimization among __.
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middle aged males.
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The Soviet Union had a high murder rate all along and rose __ times as sharply after __.
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3
dissolution |
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What does Classic Katz say about crime?
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We need to understand and appreciate the meaning of it while not accepting it.
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The Seduction of Crime (4)
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1. Foreground variables most important
2. Intentionally sexual meaning 3. Crime as a rush, charge, excitement, and stardom/fame 4. Slaughter, sneaky thrills, ways of the badass, street elites, doing stickup |
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In LA, gangs are seen as a __.
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noun, organized and explanatory.
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In NY, gangs are seen as a __.
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verb, chaotic and random
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In LA, there are __ gangs in the media.
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2,168
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In NY, there are __ gangs in the media.
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312
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In LA, the police are __.
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chaotic and disorganized.
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In NY, the police are __.
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professional and organized
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In LA, experts are __.
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social and ad hoc groups
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In NY, experts are the __.
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police
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In LA, solutions are __.
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social and ad hoc groups
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In NY, solutions are __ and __.
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police and broken windows
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In LA, the enemy are __.
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gangs and police
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In NY, the enemy is __.
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chaos
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In LA, SOPs are __.
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chaotic with a high turnover
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In NY, SOPs are __.
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management style- CEO.
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In LA, the resolution is __.
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constant change
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In NY, the resolution is __.
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public service commissions
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In LA and NY, the official data are __.
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suspect
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In LA, data trends are __%.
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50%
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In NY, data trends are __% with a __.
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60% with a sharper rise earlier
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What are three data problems in NY?
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1. Lack of comparisons
2. Raw numbers and warm bodies, not rates 3. Periodization: Dinkins vs Giuliani |
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The biggest percentage of crime in LA is __.
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youth crime
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In LA, unlike NY, there are fewer __. These are used as stepping stones for political office.
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independent commissions
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In NY, __ become politicians, attacking official misconduct.
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prosecutors
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Need for fluid understanding.
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Fleisher
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