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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Stereotype
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unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize the individual differences of the members of that group
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Racial Group
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a word that is used to describe a group that is set apart because of obvious physical differences
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Ethnic group
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a word used to categorize all people with a different nationality and heritage and cultural patterns
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Functionalist view on racism
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serves positive functions such as:
1. causing togetherness of the minority 2. causes a movement against racism |
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Conflict view on racism
exploitation theory |
1. have harmful reprocussions on society
2. it is a way for the white upper class to keep other races from moving up in the world which they view as their own E.T.: the view that the lower class exploitation is a basic part of capitalistic economic systems |
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Interactionist view of racism
Contact Hyposthesis |
People will bond together if they are forced to
This theory states that interracial contact between people of equal status, who are engaged in a cooperative task will cause them to become less prejudiced and abandon previous stereotypes |
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Institutional Discrimination
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the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from normal opporations of a society
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Gender roles
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expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females
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Cross Cultural view of gender roles
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in other cultures, Margaret Mead discovered that gender roles were completley reversed and in others were assigned to both sexes
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The functionalist view on gender inequality
Instrumentality Expressiveness |
an emphasis on tasks, a focus on more distant goals, and a concern for the external relationship between one's family and social institutions
-> assigned to men a concern for maintenance of harmony and the internal emotional affairs of the family -> assigned to women |
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Conflict view of gender inequality
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seen as the result of an underlying struggle for power between men and women where men have subjugated women
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Feminist view on gender inequality
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agree with conflict theorists, but are more likely to take a political agenda than the conflict theorists are
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The interactionist view of gender inquality
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focuses on the everyday workings of men and women
men interrupt converstations more, change topics more, ignore topics chosen by women, minimize the contributions of women more |
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glass ceiling
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an invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity
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second shift
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the idea that women work two shifts of work per day because their husbands seldom help with the housework of taking care of the kids, cleaning and cooking
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Social institutions
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an organized pattern of beliefs and behaviors centered on basic social needs
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Functionalist view of social institutions
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1. they must replace personnel
2. they must teach new recruits 3. producing and distributing goods and services 4. preserving order 5. providing and maintaining a sense of purpose |
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Conflict view of social institutions
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these theorists believe that major institutions are set up in a way so that they keep the lower class down and maintain the privelages of the upper-class privelaged people
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Interactionist view of social institutions
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believe that every social institution affects our everyday behavior.
say that our behavior is conditioned by the roles and statuses that we accept |
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Ascribed status
Achieved status |
a social position that has been assigned to someone through birth
a status that is gotten through hard work and education |
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Castes
Class system |
hereditary systems of rank, usually religiously dictated, tend to be fixed and immobile
a social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility |
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Stratification
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the structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards
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wealth
income |
material assets such as land, stock, and other property
refers to salaries and wages |
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Karl Marx's view on stratification
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believed that there were two main classes, the bourgeoisie (the capitalist class) and the proletarat (the working class) and said that the way the bourg. maximized profit was be exploiting the prolet.
says that this will eventually lead to a deconstruction of the capitalist system |
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class consciousness
false consciousness |
an awareness that the working class must adopt in order for the capitalist economy to deconstruct that consists of a subjective awareness of common vested interests and the need for collective political awareness
this is an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect its objective position |
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Weber's view of stratification
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says that no single characteristic totally defines a person's position in the stratification system
says that there are three aspects to our position in society and they are a combination of class, status, and power |
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Conflict view of stratification
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agree with Karl Marx
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prestige
esteem |
refers to the respect and admiration that an occupation holds in society
refers to the reputaion that a specific person has earned within an occupation |
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Absolute poverty
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refers to a minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below
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Relative poverty
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a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of society, whatever their lifestyles, are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the rest of the nation as a whole.
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life chances
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an idea of Max Weber's
these are the opportunities to provide themselvesd with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences |
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Social Mobility
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refers to movement of individuals or groups from one position of a society's stratifcation system to another
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open system
closed system |
the position of wach individual is influenced by the person's acheived status
allows little or no possibility of moving up, based on ascribed status |
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types of mobility
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horizontal mobility: when a person moves from one position in society to another of the same class and ranking
vertical mobility: when a person moves from one position to another position of higher ranking Intergenerational mobility: this is when a child's occupational position changes relative to their parents Intragenerational: this is when a person's occupation changes in their adult lifetime |
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Colonialism
Neocolonialism |
when a foreign power maintains political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people for an extended period of time
This is when a country has been liberated from its previous domination but still relies on the parent counrty for support and economic stability |
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World systems analysis
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describes the unequal economic and political realtionships in which certain industrialized nations and their global corporations dominate the core of the system
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Dependency theory
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says that even as developing nations make economic advances, they remain weak and subservient to core nations and corporations in an increasingly intertwined global economy
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modernization
modernization theory |
the process by which cultures move from traditional processes to the way that more developed societies
a functionalist approach proposing that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of people in developing nations |
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reductionism
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reducing the cause of something to a character trait that is within the person that causes them to be inadequate, such as unemployment being caused by laziness in a person
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