Sociology

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connection?

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individuals to groups to orgs to societies

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the systematic study of the ways in which people are affected by and affect the social structures and social processes that are associated with groups orbs cultures societies and world in which they exist?

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sociology

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18th and 19th century?

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industrial rev
focus on factors production blue collar

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mid 20th century?

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post industrial age
offices, bureaucracies white collar

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present day is?

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information age
focus on knowledge information technology

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increasingly fluid global flows and the structures that expedite and impede these flows?

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globalization
central isssue in soc

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a complex pattern of social relationships that is bounded in space and persists over time (largest unit of analysis)

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society

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Positives of globalization?

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great access to good services and info

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negatives of globalization?

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undesirable things (diseases drugs) flow more easily around the world

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the process by which people obtain and utilize goods and services?

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consumption

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mcdonaldization model of society?

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1) efficiency
2) calculability
3) predictability
4) control

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the interplay of machines, tools skills and procedures for the accomplishments of tasks?

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technology

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Three central concerns for sociologists in todays world?

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globalization
consumption
digital world

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who argued that sociologists have a unique perspective?

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C. Wright Mills (1959)

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micro relationship?

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individuals thoughts and actions

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macro large scale relationship?

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groups, orbs, cultures, society, and the world

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Who was interested in the micro relationship and studied workers (micro) and the capitalist economic system (macro)?

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karl marx

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who sought to develop a theory of violence that deals with individuals skilled in violent interactions (micro) and material resources used by violent orgs (macro)?

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randall collins

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what approach argues that agents people at the micro level create social reality?
ex. designers create world of fashion

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the social construction of reality

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what is enduring and a regular social arrangement?

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social structure

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what are aspects of the social world?
ex. shopping

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social processes

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what view states that examining the relationship between strucutre and process should be a purely scientific endeavor?

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scientific view

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what view states that as these relationships are discovered this knowledge should be used to solve social problems?

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social reforms

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what is the study of cultural aspects, food, shelter and difference globally?

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anthropology

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what is the study of individual identity things like offshoring?

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psychology

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what is the study of nation states related to one another?

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poli sci

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studied mediated and nonmediated communication across the globe

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communications

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sets of interrelated ideas that have a wide range of application, deal with centrally important issues and have stood the test of time?

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theories

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what was the first social theory?

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issues about revolution

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karl marx defined capatalism as?

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an economic system based on the capitalists exploiting the proletariat

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what was max veber most known for?

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the protestant work ethic and the spirit of capitalism

said religion is the opium of the people

helped spawn capitalism

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who was a macro theorist who though social facts such as social structure and cultural norms and value that impose themselves on people was a concern? and said suicide should be found in social factors?

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emile durkheim

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who was interested in the forms taken by social interaction and the types of people who engage on interaction?

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george simmel

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who was the pionerring researcher who was crucial to the later focus of sociology on race, race divide and double consciusness?

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W.E.B Du Bois

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whos main concern was the way upper classes show off their wealth conspicuous consumption?

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Thorstein veblen

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examines both social structures and their functions, view if that if certain structures exist they provide a function?

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structural functionalism

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manifest functions?

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positive consequences that are purposely brought about

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latent functions?

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unintended positive consequences

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what negatively affects the ability of a given system to survive?

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dysfunctions

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idea that visible social structures are mere facades?

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debunking

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what theory focuses on what is negative about society?

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conflict theory

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what is society held together by?

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coercion
consensus and conflict are both needed

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what theory focuses on the culture of a society, particularly the culture industry and mass culture?

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critical theory

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what are the two elements of concern in the culture industry?

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falseness (true culture should emante from people)

repressiveness (mass culture pacifies and stupefies the masses)

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what theory if critical of the social situation facing women and offers ideas on how womens issues can be bettered?

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feminist theory

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racism cannot be considered in isolation is what?

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intersectionality

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what theory is concerned with the interaction of two or more people through the use of symbols?

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symbolic interactionism

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what theory focuses on what people do rather than what they think?

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ethnomethodolgy

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what theory is interested in behavior and the rewards and costs associated with it?

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exchange theory

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sociologist practice what? it means they gather information using their senses?

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empiricism

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steps in scientific method?

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1) uncover questions in need of answers
2) review the relevant literature
3) develop hypotheses
4) choose a research method
5) collect data
6) analyze data

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who proposed a different model of scientific development n The Structure of Scientifc Revolutions?

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thomas kuhn

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scientific revolutions occur when?

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one paradigm replaces another after a scientific breakthrough

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research that involves systematic watching listening to and recording what takes place in a natural setting over time is?

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observational study

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partcipant observation?

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researcher plays a role in the group or setting being observed

undercover boss

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nonpartcipant observation?

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researcher plays little or no role in what is being observed

reality show

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the creation of an account of what a group of people do and the way they live?

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ethnography

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what encompasses the ideas, values and material objects that allow a group even an entire society to carry out their collective lives in relative order and harmony

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culture

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general and abstract standards defining what a group or society considers good?

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values

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informal rules that guide what people do and how they live

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norms

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norms that are relatively unimportant?

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folkways

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important norms whose violation is met with a severe negative sanction?

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mores

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encompasses the artficats that are reflections of culture

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material culture

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symbolic culture?

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nonmaterial culture such as language

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what the norms and values of society lead us to think people should beleive and do

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ideal culture

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what people actually think and do in their everyday lives

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real culture

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set of shared beleifs that explains the social world and guides peoples actions

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ideology

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a group of people who accept much of the dominant culture, but are set apart from it

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subculture

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a group of people who are set apart from the dominant culture and their norms and values are incompatible with it

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counterculture
KKK, hippies, activist

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an environment in which cultural differences are accepted and appreciated by the majority dominant group

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multiculturalism

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when the dominant culture makes the minority culture adapt to its values norms and beleifs

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assimilation

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a tactic used by the minority group when the dominant group is unwilling to accept them

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identity politics

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the idea that a culture needs to be understood within the context of that culture

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cultural relativism

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the beleifs that ones culture is superior to other cultures

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ethnocentrism

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as ideas information products and people flow across the globe what people value become increasingly similar

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the globalization of values

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the idea that what affects global culture the most is the imposition of one dominant

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cultural imperialism

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a culture in wihch the core ideas and material objects relate to consumption and in which consumption is a primary source of meaning in life

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consumer culture

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cyberculture

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internet

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the "I"

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immediate response

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the "Me"

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organized answer

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when people interact with others they use a variety of techniques to control the image that they want to project?

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impression management

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goffman front stage?

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the social performance is designed to define the situation for those observing it

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goffman back stage?

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people express themselves in ways that are suppressed in the front

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the process of learning and accepting the ways of a group or society

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socialization

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who are primary agents for socialization?

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parents because children acquire their first knowledge and language norms and values from them

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total institution?

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prison or military

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a rational process where those involved seek to maximize rewards and minimize costs

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reciprocity and exchange

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a social domain that is organized and orderlu buy created informally and governed by those involved in the interaction

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interaction order
waiting in line