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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sociology
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the scientific study of human activity in society
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social forces
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anything humans create or take notice of that influence or pressure people to interact, behave, respond, or think in certain ways
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biography
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all the day-to-day activities from birth to death that make up a person's life
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sociological imagination
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a point of view that allows us to identify seemingly remote and impersonal social forces and connect them to our biographies
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social facts
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ideas, feelings, and ways of behaving "that possess the remarkable property of existing outside the consciousness of the individual
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currents of opinion
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the state of affairs with regard ti some way of being
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troubles
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personal needs, problems, or difficulties that can be explained as individual shortcomings related to motivation, attitude, ability, character, or judgement
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issue
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a matter that can be explained only by factors outside an individual's control and immediate environment
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mechanization
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the process of replacing human and animal muscle as a source of power with external sources derived from burning coal, wood, oil, and natural gas
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positivism
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a theory stating that valid knowledge of the world can only be derived from sense experience
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social statics
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the forces that hold societies together such that they endure over time
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social dynamics
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that forces that causes societies to change
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conflict
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the major force that drives social change
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bourgeoisie
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the profit-driven owners of the means of production
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proletariat
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those individuals who must sell their labor to the bourgeoisie
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solidarity
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the system of social ties that connects people to one another and to wider society
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egoistic
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a state in which the ties attaching the individual to others in the society are weak
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altruistic
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a state in which the ties attaching the individual to others in the group are such that he or she has no life beyond the group
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anomic
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a state in which the ties attaching the individual to others in the group are disrupted due to dramatic changes in economic circumstances
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fatalistic
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a state in which the ties attaching the individual to others in the group involve discipline so oppressive it offers no chance of release
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social actions
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actions people take in response to others
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double consciousness
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this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others
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color line
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a barrier supported by customs and laws separating nonwhites from whites
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sympathetic knowledge
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firsthand knowledge gained by living and working among those being studied
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global interdependence
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a situation in which social activity transcends national borders
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globalization
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the ever-increasing flow of goods, services, money, people, information, and culture across political borders
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