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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bureaucracy
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a social structure made up of a hierarchy of statues and roles that is prescribed by explicit rules and procedures and based on a division of function and authority.
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coercive organization
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a formal organization that people become members of against their will
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dyad
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a two-member group
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ethnomethodology
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procedures- rules and activities- that people employ in making social life and society intelligible to themselves and others.
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expressive leaders
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a leader that focuses on overcoming interpersonal problems in a group, defusing tension, and promoting solidarity
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expressive ties
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social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit to other people
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formal organization
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a group formed deliberately for achievement of specific objective
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group
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two or more people who share a feeling of unity and who are bound together in relatively stable patterns of social interaction
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groupthink
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a decision-making process found in highly cohesive groups in which the members become so preoccupied with maintaining group consensus that their critical faculties are impaired
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informal organization
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interpersonal networks and ties that arise in a formal organization but that are not defined or prescribed by it
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in-group
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a group with which we identify and to which we belong
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instrumental leader
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a leader that focuses on appraising the problem at hand and organizing people's activity to deal with it
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instrumental ties
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social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve goals
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iron law of oligarchy
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the principle that states the bureaucracies invariably lead to the concentration of power in the hands of a few individuals who use their offices to advance their own fortunes and self interest
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mortification
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a procedure in which rituals employed by coercive organization render individuals vulnerable to institutional control, discipline, and resocialization
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negotiated order
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the fluid, ongoing understanding and agreements people reach as they go about their daily activities
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out-group
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a group with which we do not identify and to which we do not belong
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parkinson's law
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the principle that states that work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion
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primary group
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two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another
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reference group
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a social unit we use for appraising and shaping our attitudes, feeling, and actions
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relationship
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an association that last long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations
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relative deprivation
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discontent association with the gap between what we have and what we believe we should have
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resocialization
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a process by which a person's old roles and identities are stripped away and new ones are created
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secondary group
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two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a practical purpose
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social dilemma
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a situation in which members of a group are faced with a conflict between maximizing their personal interests and maximizing the collective welfare
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social loafing
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the process in which individuals work less hard when working in groups than they do when working individually
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total institutions
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places of residence where individuals are isolated from the rest of society
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trained incapacity
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the term Thorstein Veblen applied to the tendency within bureaucracies for members to rely on established rules and regulation and to apply them in an unimaginative and mechanical fashion
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triad
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a three member group
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utilitarian organization
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a formal organization set up to achieve practical ends
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voluntary organization
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a formal organization that people enter and leave freely
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