Sociology 101 Midterm

Front 1

Sociology

Back 1

the scientific study of society including social interaction and social organization; argues society is organized and guides our behavior

Front 2

social institution

Back 2

established and standard patterns of behavior; universal; a group of positions that perform a social role and reproduces itself over time

eg: family, religion, government, education

Front 3

social construct //

social construction of reality

Back 3

an entity that exists bc we behave like it does; it's existences is upheld by us and the social institutions we follow

our realities are dictated and defined by our social interaction;

Front 4

social location

Back 4

we all have a particular space in society based on our identity; we are shaped by our experiences; all of our experiences are unique to our identity

eg: race, gender, socio-economimc status, sexual orientation, physical/mental abilities, family structure

Front 5

qualitative //

quantitative

Back 5

lit: data received in-person and individualized (interviews & ethnography)

tit: data received in numbers by a large group of people (surveys)

Front 6

socialization

Back 6

our internalization of society's values, beliefs, and norms; the process on how we learn to function a part of society

Front 7

values

norms

Back 7

moral beliefs

social rules for behavior

Front 8

stigma

Back 8

a negative social label that changes other ppl's behavior towards someone and alters someone's own self-concept and social identity

Front 9

symbols //

symbolic interaction

Back 9

acts or objects that have come to be socially accepted as standing for something else (eg: objects, gestures, language)

how a shared understanding of the world emerges from social interaction and form the basis of social life; meanings, orientations form the basic motivations behind ppl's actions

Front 10

hegemony

Back 10

a historical process by which a dominant group has control over the cultural and structural realms of society

Front 11

deviance

Back 11

any transgression of socially established norms; dictated by the group in power

Front 12

in-group //

out-group

Back 12

powerful group

stigmatized group

Front 13

face

role

Back 13

the esteem in which an individual is held by others

the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status

Front 14

social control

Back 14

those mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals

Front 15

sociological imagination

Back 15

the ability to connect the most basic, intimage aspects of an individual's life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces

Front 16

culture

Back 16

a set of beliefs, traditions, and practices; the sum total of social categories and concepts we embrace in addition to beliefs, behaviors, and practices

Front 17

subculture

Back 17

the distinct cultural values and behavioral patterns of a particular group in society

Front 18

reference group

Back 18

a group that helps us understand or make sense of our position in society relative to other groups

Front 19

conflict theory & Karl Marx

Back 19

conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of society in general

the ruling class can eliminate exploitation but they depend on economic and social inequality

Front 20

emile durkheim

anomie

Back 20

focused on social changes and division of labor; examined suicide through an economic lens; predicted suicide based on changes of society; spikes in suicide during instability

the sense of normlessness resulting from drastic changes in living conditions or arrangements