Sociology 101 Final Exam Part Two

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Religion

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is refers to social action that encompasses those human responses that give meaning to the ultimate and inescapable problems of existence. (Birth, death, illness, aging, injustice, tragedy and sufferings)

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The power of religion

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is to build the social capital through providing answer to the ultimate and inescapable problems, and the framework for durable social structure and social control.

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The basic components of religion

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is refers to meaning system, belonging system, and structure system.

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Religion meaning systems are made up by the

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elements of myths, rituals, and symbols.

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Monotheistic

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the belief system that believing there is only one God.

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Polytheistic

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the belief system that believing multiple God's.

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Judaism

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is refers to monotheistic, the belief system that emerges approximately 3,800 years ago, the direct relationship between Abraham and God, and they are the descends through Abraham to 12 tribes. The Messiah belief that does not seek to convert, and the members today is 13-18 millions worldwide.

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Christianity

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is refers to monotheistic, the belief system evolved from Judaism around 2,000 years ago. The belief system embraces Jewish texts, and the relationship is worship through acceptance of salvation than a Messiah. The salvation belief seeks Global conversion, and the members today worldwide is 2.1 Billions.

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Islam (the people of Arabic, and not the descendants of Judaism)

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is refers to monotheistic, the belief system emerges around 570 c.e. with the birth of Muhammad in the city of Mecca. The belief system shares texts (Koran) and prophets with both Jews and Christians. The teaching of the prophets seeks Global conversion, and its members today is around 1.3 Billions.

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The teaching of the prophet of Koran (the texts of knowledge was given by the angel Gabriel to Muhammad)

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is refers to the five pillars of Beliefs, Worships, Charitable giving, Fastings (Ramadan), and Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj).

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Hinduism (emerges in India)

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is refers to the belief system of polytheistic, the transformation of another form as reincarnation by the elite class. There are over 3,000 deities including Jesus and Muhammad, which worship by the lower class. The belief system is open but does not seeks conversion, and today, the members is around 870 Millions worldwide.

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Buddhism

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it is refers to the spiritual belief rather than Theistic. The belief system is based on the foundation of Four Truths (existence of suffering, origin of suffering is desire of inner lust, suffering ceases when desire ceases, and the way to end suffering is through following the Eightfold path of prayer and meditation)

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Cult

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is refers to newly established social groups that built around prophetic teachings. It is a faith-based groups. If the teaching survive and evolve into religion, and the initial stigma overcome as a cult and openly shared social practice, which they often destabilized the society.

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According to Charles Mill's concept about the social problem

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is refers to the failed of the education (minority), unemployment (rate increased), marriage and family, street crime (is not largely connected to economic), corruption (in corporation), and health care/mental illness (poor people lack of access).

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National healthcare system first passed the law in Great Britian

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then, it was introduced and adopted by U.S in 1950s.

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Charles Mill once stated that

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in order to maintain a level of success in the society, the U.S. citizens needed to be educated.

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Medical industrial organization such as hospital, health insurance, physician, pharmaceutical and private corporation

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are working together and the physician were mostly contracted by the corporation, and their ultimate goal is for profit.

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In compare to government health care and the corporation health care system

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is that the government health care works much better than the corporation health care system.

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In compare to the life expectancy of male in U.S to European is 76 years to 80 years

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and the U.S. female of 81 years to Japan of 86 years old.

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The health care system in U.S.

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should focus on the delivery system (that everyone should not be turn away because lack of funds); not on the distribution system (not everyone could afforded).

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The contribution (the positivities) of religion to society

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is to bring social cohesion (sense of belonging, and help people answer question about the meaning of life, and civil religion, a shared public faith in the nation which created unity), legitimating social values and norms (religion sacralizes social norms) and social change (civil right movement of the African American).

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The link between religion and stratification in conflict perspective

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which karl's believed that the religion help perpetuate the power structure in the society. And he called religion the opiate of the people, because the religion on the proletariat it works like a sedative. And the racial and gender (sex) biases that exist in the religion that perpetuate prejudice against women.

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Religion elicits strong emotions and influences people's definition of reality

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and ethnocentric attitudes can be reinforced by religious beliefs.

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Government

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is the most powerful agency structure in the society.

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The basic functions of government

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is through socialization in education, enforcement of norms (same sex marriage), definition for social identity (M.D.), stratification of class difference, and bureaucracy of social control system.

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The foundations of government

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is based on the authority (by the constitution in governed of its people), and power (governed those against the will of the people by force, which some will resist).

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in 1933, the Fascism in Germany

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is the Adolf Hitler. And in Italy, in 1924, the ideologically based social system of fascism emerged by Benito Mussolini.

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Monarchy (the one who rules, like king is most common in Europe, Great Britain, Italy, and France), which it disappears after WWI

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is refers to the elite groups who have control of the means and its people who governed.

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Democracy

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is refers to the concept of civil society and based on voluntary organization

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Communism

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is refers to the total power-based and economically based social system. (China)

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The factors that contributes to the failure of the government

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is refers to War by the Total warfare (in WWII), which it destroyed virtually all components of social structure, and rebuild. And the Limited warfare, which it avoided total destruction, and attempted to reorganize through introduction of method of negotiation,

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Power in Government

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is refers to in social sciences today comes from Max Weber (1947), who saw the power as ability of people or groups to realize their own will in group action, even against resistance of others who disagree.

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Built on Weber's idea of power, there are Power Arena

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which it refers to physical control (force) or outright coercion (threat), symbolic control (intimidation), and rules of conduct (in workplace).

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Authority

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it is refers to as lawful and just, legitimate power. That is granted by the people who are subject to the power, which means that no coercion is needed.

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Legitimate authority

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as the law and judge's ruling in court.

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Illegitimate authority (or coercion)

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which include living under brute force of a military regime or being imprisoned without charge.

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The legitimate power is gained by

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traditional authority, charismatic power, and rational-legal authority.

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Globalization, the three level of nation

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which it refers to the first world (core of power, colonized of the countries like U.S., Europe, Japan, and France), second world (semi-periphery like Russia, India and Brazil), and third world (periphery, poor African, Asian and Latin American nations).

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Three type of Men in power

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which is refers to the one with the power, the one were given the power, and the one with no power.