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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Research Methods |
- Scientific method is the standard for acquiring and verifying scientific knowledge - Because sociology is a science, our research must be accountable |
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Quantitative Methods |
Easily turned into numbers ex: Survey experiments (Who, what?) |
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Qualitative Methods |
Data you cannot easily turn into numbers ex: Interviews (How, why?) |
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Deductive approach |
Theory -> hypothesis -> observations -> confirm or reject theory |
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Inductive approach |
Theory -> hypothesis -> find problems -> observation |
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Correlation |
A regular relationship existing between two variables |
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Causality |
One event or situation causes the other |
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Reverse causality |
We must have correlation for causation, but causation does not equal correlation |
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Dependent variable |
The variable affected: the outcome you are trying to explain |
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Independent variable |
Produces an effect on another variable. The casual affect that you hypothesize |
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Hypothesis |
Proposed relationship between two variables |
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Operationalization |
The process in which a researcher specifies the terms and methods that will be used in a particular study. Have to measure something to test it. |
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Validity |
The degree to which what we are measuring is a reflection of the actual concept |
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Reliability |
The consistency of your measure. Your measure should be able to measure the same variable in the same way every time |
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Generalizability |
It is used to determine the reliability (i.e., reproducibility) of measurements under specific condition |
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Placebo |
A harmless pill, medicine, or procedure prescribed more for the psychological benefit to the patient than for any physiological effect |
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Double-blind study |
A blind or blinded experiment is an experiment in which information about the test that might lead to bias in the results is concealed from the tester, the subject, or both until after the test |
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Reflexivity |
Reflexivity refers to circular relationships between cause and effect |
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Feminist methodology |
- Gender and gender inequality are central to all human behavior - Patriarchy or the idea of male domination and the interactions of race, class and gender |
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Population |
In sociology, population refers to a collection of human beings |
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Sample |
Use samples to gather data |
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Case study |
Case studies are analyses of persons, events, decisions, periods, projects, policies, institutions, or other systems that are studied holistically by one or more method |
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Participant Observation |
Way of collecting data, usually through qualitative methods, like interviews |
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Survey |
Quantitative method used to get numbers for data |
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Historical methods |
Using the past to assist with the present |
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Comparative research |
make comparisons across different countries or cultures |
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Experimental methods |
Change one variable to see if it affects the other |
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Content analysis |
The analysis of texts of various types including writing, images, recordings and cultural artifacts |
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Public sociology |
Engage with wider audiences |
