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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of discrimination |
overt, covert, statistical, cumulative, institutionalized |
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Overt discrimination |
old fashioned- open and public form of racism. (Lynching) |
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Covert discrimination |
aversive: hidden, unobvious. Avoiding interactions with another race. (ex. Video where black man was denied job interviews, given higher price for same car.) |
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Statistical discrimination |
inequality exists between groups of people, even when employers may be non-prejudiced. (Statistically proven that women will be paid less for same positions men hold) |
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Cumulative discrimination |
Discriminatory effects over time. (ex. Dr. McClure’s friend on airplane) |
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institutionalized discrimination |
negative treatment and oppression of one racial or ethnic group by society’s existing institutions based on the presumed inferiority of the oppressed group.(shown in high levels of unemployment among minorities) |
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How is race socially constructed? |
not because of science, logic, or fact but because of opinion and social experience. |
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minority group |
any distinct group in society that shares common group characteristics and is forced to occupy low status in society because of prejudice and discrimination. |
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Income |
the amount of money brought into a household from various sources (wages, investment income, dividends, and so on) during a given period. |
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wealth |
monetary value of everything one actually owns. wealth is accumulative- meaning its value tends to increase through investment. |
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Top 1% of the population The top 10% The top 50-90% The bottom 50% |
recieve 34.5% of all wealth 40% of all wealth 24.3% of all wealth 1.1% of all wealth |
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Functionalist Theory |
for race and ethnic relations to be functional and be able to contribute to the harmonious conduct and stability of society, racial and ethnic minorities must assimilate into that society. |
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Symbolic Interaction Theory |
Individuals must reduce the amount of racial and ethnic hostility towards one and other while focusing on how race and ethnicity are socially constructed. |
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Conflict Theory |
The premise of this theory is that class-based conflict is an inherent and fundamental part of social interaction. As for race and ethnic conflict, the inequality must be reduced to lessen the tension in society. |
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Scapegoat theory |
members of the dominant group in the US have harbored various frustrations various frustrations in their desire to achieve social and economic success. With their frustration they usually blame another individual for their wrong-doing, which creates prejudice. |
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Authoritarian Personality |
a tendency to rigidly categorize other people, as well as, inclinations to sumbit to authority, strictly conform, be very intolerant of ambiguity, and be inclined to superstition. |
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Assimilation |
minority becomes socially and economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society. |
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Pluralism |
maintenance and persistance of one's culture, language, mannerism, practices, art, and so on |
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"Class/Race" controversy |
Wilson's theory states that race has no correlation with class. He states that de-indeustrialization happened at the same time as minorities moving into the area of lower class jobs. Massey stated that race and class do correlate. when a black family wants to move into a white neighborhood, that house loses value. |
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Functionalist Perspective on inequality |
based on a reward system motivating people to succeed. The more one works and receives a higher education, then the higher the class they are in. functionalists emphasize that all classes are needed in society to allow us to work in perfect harmony. |
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Conflict Perspective on inequality |
*Fight for control meaning classes are fighting to be heard. *Upper or elite class controls all other classes and often makes laws to enhance inequality. *Inequality keeps the talents from lower classes from being used, therefore, keeping our society from being the best it can be |
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"People Like Us" Film |
-Class still a present factor in today’s society -Many associate class with how one looks, popularity, gender, race, and money -Most say they are middle class because they do not want to be judged for being upper or lower class -The class you were born into has a huge effect on your current class -Some believe you can change classes. This is more possible today that in the past |
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Money is the root of all evil |
In reality money is what keeps us alive. The more money one has usually determines their class. Lower class people have less money and have higher mortality rates. This shows that money is a determinant of not only class but also life and death. |
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Definition of class |
position that groups hold relative to the economic, social, political, and cultural resources of society. |
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indicators of class |
Income, occupation, and education |
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Gender Socialization |
white woman and girls seem to be more affected by the media portrayal of woman. Statisticly Black woman are more comfortable with their bodies |
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Biological determinism |
idea that all human behavior is innate, determined by genes, brain size, or other biological attributes. stands in contrast to the notion that culture or other social forces determine human behavior |
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Labor force participation |
it characterizes white women as more educated than other races, but women still make less money than men |
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Human Capital |
theory that explains differences in wages as the result of differences in the individual characteristics of the workers |
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Variables of Human Capital |
age, prior experience, number of hours worked, marital status, and education |
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Dual Labor Market |
women and men earn different amounts because they tend to work in different segments of the labor market. Women tend to work in and concentrate on low-wage job. |
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Dual Labor Market parts |
1) Primary market: you are more likely to work in a large organization where there is greater stability, steady profits, benefits for workers, opportunity for advancement exist, and workers are afforded due process 2) Secondary Market: high job turnovers, low wages, short or nonexistent promotion ladders, few benefits, poor working conditions, and capricious supervision |
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2 Tiers of Primary market |
(1)High-status and professional and managerial jobs with potential for upward mobility (2)Working class jobs, including clergy work, skilled, and semiskilled blue-collar work |
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Occupational Segregation |
segregation in the labor market can be also based on factors such as race, class, age, or any combination thereof. |
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Feminism |
beliefs and actions that seek a more just society for women |
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Feminist Theory |
analyses that seek to understand the position of women in society for the explicit purpose of improving their position in it |
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Liberal Feminism |
individual rights and equal opportunity as the basis for social justice and reform. Discrimination is a major source of inequality for women. |
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Multiracial Feminism |
pointing out that earlier forms of feminist thinking exclude women of color from analysis, which made it impossible for feminist to deliver theories that informed people about the experiences of all women. |
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Doing gender |
interprets gender as something accomplished through the ongoing social interaction people have with one another |
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According to Tannen |
women are marked by “Ms. Or Mrs.” Whether or not they’re wearing makeup, if their clothes are tight or loose, if they show cleavage or no cleavage, etc |
