Sociology 1

Front 1

An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society, both today and in the past.

Back 1

Sociological Imagination

Front 2

Anthropology

Back 2

Social science

Front 3

A set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior

Back 3

Theory

Front 4

Stressed conflict among societies classes

Back 4

Karl Marx

Front 5

A made up model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated

Back 5

Ideal type

Front 6

The accumulation of knowledge, prestige, culture, and formal schooling

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Capital

Front 7

Generalize about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole

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Interactionist Perspective

Front 8

An explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to assess the concept

Back 8

Operational Definition

Front 9

A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more factors known as variables

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Hypothesis

Front 10

A measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions

Back 10

Variable

Front 11

The variable hypothesized to cause or influence another

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Independent Variable

Front 12

The variable in a causal relationship that is subject to the influence of another variable

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Dependent variable

Front 13

The relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence with one event leading to the other

Back 13

Causal logic

Front 14

Exists when a change in one variable coincides with a change in the other

Back 14

Correlation

Front 15

A selection from a larger population that is statistically representative of that population

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Sample

Front 16

Every member of an entire population being studied has the same chance of being selected

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Random sample

Front 17

The degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study

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Validity

Front 18

Extent to which a measure produces consistent results

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Reliability

Front 19

A factor held constant to test the relative impact of the independent variable

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Control variable

Front 20

Research in which scientists collect and report data primarily in numerical form

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Quantitative research

Front 21

Research which relies on what scientists see in the field and naturalistic settings

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Qualitative research

Front 22

The study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation

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Ethnography

Front 23

An artificially created situations that allows the researchers to manipulate variables

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Experiment

Front 24

Not exposed to an independent variable

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Control group

Front 25

The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations

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Applied sociology

Front 26

The process through which people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture

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Socialization

Front 27

The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior

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Culture

Front 28

Name 5 cultural universals

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athletic sports, cooking practices, funeral practices, medical practices, sexual restrictions

Front 29

The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others

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Ethnocentrism

Front 30

The evaluation of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture

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Cultural Relativism

Front 31

The specialized language of a subculture that distinguishes it from the wider society

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Argot

Front 32

The feeling of surprise and disorientation that people experience when they witness cultural practices different from their own

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Culture shock

Front 33

Generally understood but are not precisely recorded

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Informal norms

Front 34

Another word for informal norms

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Folkways

Front 35

Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm

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Sanctions

Front 36

The gestures, objects, and language that form the basis of human communication

Back 36

Symbols

Front 37

The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another in order to respond from that imagined viewpoint

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Role taking

Front 38

What stage does role taking occurring?

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The Play Stage

Front 39

Those individuals who are most important in the development of self

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Significant other

Front 40

Individual's altering of the presentation of self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences

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Impression management

Front 41

The way in which society is organized into predictable relationships

Back 41

Social structure

Front 42

Any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society

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Status

Front 43

Given to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. Given at birth

Back 43

Ascribed status

Front 44

A social position attained by a person largely through is or her own efforts

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Achieved status

Front 45

A status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position within society

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Master status

Front 46

Occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more positions held by the same person

Back 46

Role conflict

Front 47

The situation that occurs when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations

Back 47

Role strain

Front 48

Any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis

Back 48

Group

Front 49

A small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation

Back 49

Primary group

Front 50

Any group to which people feel they belong

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Ingroup

Front 51

A group to which people feel they do not belong and may even feel some hostility toward

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Outgroup