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8 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Explain why both history and biology are essential for the sociological perspective


The socialogical perspectives stresses that people's social experiences -the groups to which they belong and their experiences within those groups -underlie their behavior. C. Wright Mills referred to this as the intersection of biography (the individual ) and history (broad social factors that influence the individual )

Know the focus of each social science

Science is the application of systematic methods to obtain knowledge and the knowledge obtained by those methods. The sciences are divided into the natural sciences ,which seek to explain and predict events in the natural environment, and social sciences, which seek to understand the social world objectively by means of controlled and repeated observations. Sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior.


Trace the orgins of sociology, from tradition to max weber.

Sociology emerged as a separate discipline in the mid-1800s in western Europe ,during the one set of the industrial revolution. Industrialization affected all aspects of human existence -where people lived,the nature of their work ,their relationships ,and how they viewed life .Early sociologists who focused on these social changes include Auguste Comte,Hebert Spencer ,Karl Marx,Ile Durkheim,Max Weber,Harriet Martineau, and W.E.B Du Bois.

Summarize the opposing arguments in the debate about values in sociology research


Sociologists agree that research should be objective ,that is,the researchers values and beliefs should not influence conclusions .But sociologists do not agree on the uses and purposes of sociological research. Some say that it's purpose should only be to advance understanding of human behavior; others say that it's goal should be to reform harmful social arrangements.


State what Verstehen is and why it is valuable

According to Weber ,to understand why people act as they do ,sociologists must try to put them selves in their shoes . He used the German verb Verstehen, to grasp by insight ,to describe this essentially subjective approach.

Trace the development of socialogy in North America and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform

The earliest departments of sociology were established in the late 1800s at the universities of Kansas, Chicago, and Alanta.


Sociology developed during a historical period of deep sex racism and racism ,and the contributions of women and minorities were large ignored.


Explain the basics of symbolic interactionism ,functional analysis, and conflict theory

Theory a general statement about how facts are related to one another. A theory provides a conceptual framework for interpreting facts . Symbolic interactionists examine how people use symbols to develop and share their views of the world. Symbolic interactionists usually focus on the micro level - on small scale ,face-to-face interaction . Functionalists , in contrast , focus on the macro level -on large sale patterns of society. They stress that a social system is made up of interrelated parts .When working properly each part fulfills a function that contributes to the system's ability. Conflict theorists also focus on large - scale patterns of society. They stress that society is composed of competing groups that struggle for scarce resources. With each perspective focusing on different features of social life and each providing a unique interpretation, no single theory is adequate.

Explain how research versus reform and globalization are likely to influence sociology

Sociology has gone through three phases : The first was an emphasis on reforming society; the second had it's focus on basic sociology; the third ,today's phase ,is taking us closer to our roots of applying sociology to social change .Public sociology is the most recent example of this change . A second major trend ,globalization - is likely to broaden sociological horizons ,refocusing research and theory away from its concentration on U.S. society