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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thisholds people together within small communities where there are so manysimilarities?
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Mechanical Solidarity |
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What social phenomenon helps define/shape moral values?
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Crime |
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-Durkheim believeswhat creates unity in material form?
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Power of Symbols |
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-Rules of conduct that how we should act around sacredobjects?
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Rights |
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-Do individuals shape society or does society shapeindividuals?
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Society shapes an individual |
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-A highly routinizeact? |
Rituals |
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Thisconcept is a sense of otherness & the ability to see through the eyes ofanother?
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Double Consciousness |
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-Thisconcept demonstrates how black Americans are viewed in society ? |
The Veil |
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This aspect of self creates the creative and impulsivetendency? |
I |
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The stage where a child can puthimself in the place of others? |
The Play Stage |
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Whatdoes Mead think is a universal exchange of meaning within a given society ? |
Gestures |
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This work entailed a harshertone reflecting Bois impatience? |
Dark Water & Souls of White Folk |
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This concept is both andinternalized concept and social distance and social structures? |
The color line |
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-When notions of whitesuperiority clouds the thinking and notion of whites? (DuBois) |
False Consciousness |
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What is Generalized other? |
The organized or community or group to with a community belongs (when taking the attitude of another/takes attitude of whole group) |
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Theclass in society sell their labor? |
The proletariat |
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Amodern tool that comes in with capitalism and is able to enhance a person’s limitationsand abilities in society? |
Money (changes our social relationships) |
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-Marxs battle cry to revolt the exploded masses? |
Communist Manifesto |
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The disconnect fromthe product you produce and others? |
Alienation |
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The undue attention paid to products and thingsin modern society? |
Fetishization of commodities |
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Broad historical transitions and the strugglebetween classes? |
Socialorder |
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Class and societythat gets benefits from surplus value?
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Bourgeoisie
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This theorists was known for micro-sociological framework? |
Mead(Symbolic Interactionism) |
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This theoristsconducted the earliest of research? |
Du Bois |
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This theoriststhought that the inter-division of labor was good? |
Durkheim |
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This theorists describes the rise of Capitalismcoming from the shifts and values? |
Weber (Talks about Calvinists and Protestantwork ethics) |
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What is a manifest function? |
Intended Consequence/ Rational |
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What is a latent function? |
Unintended/ Nonrational |
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This theorist did latent and manifest functions ? |
Robert Murton |
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- The division oflabor is socially and not biologically created and not sustained? |
Perkins |
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(Weber) An orientationtowards word that praises activities and work as one’s more duty ? |
Protestant ethic |
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Rooted in the religious question for salvationit states that each individual has a specific tasks?s |
The calling |
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This type of legitimate dominant is defined bywell-worn practices? |
Tradition |
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Marked by hierarchyand procedures? |
Bureaucracy |
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This is associatedwith class, but is a social estimation of honor? |
Statues (Social estimation of honor) |
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The practice of guiding ones actions andopinions on what seems rational? |
Rationalization |
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Characterized byotherness and mobility (Simmel)? |
The Stranger |
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-In capitalistssociety the woman’s what is actually owned by her husbands? (Perkins) |
Work/Labor |
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This isthe psychological device to protect oneself from being overwhelmed of theintensity of city life?
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Blasé attitude
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Since women are made to work in the house men are able to? |
Work more |
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Whatare Simmel’s concerns regarding city life? |
He isworried about over stimulation He is worried about the intellectual approach that happens |
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Whywould someone without similar with long held spacial relations be moreobjective? |
The ideas that the stranger isunbiased (no loyalty ties to anyone) |
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Who foundpig pens and diseases in societies? |
DedrickAngles |
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Rulesfrom government that is won by consent and not force? |
Hegemony |
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Moves labor outside of the home? |
Capitalism |
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Marked by changes, mass production, urbanization, andglobalization what is this stage of development? |
Industrial Revolution |
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What were the new set of rules for theindustrial economy?
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Work indoors with a time schedule/long days all years around
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What Distinguishes the Bourgeois Epoch? |
Human relationships are changing |
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What is the social relations of production? |
how productiveactivity is organized and the laws governing propertyownership Example:technology |
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WHAT ARE COMMODITIES? |
A commodity is, in the first place, an object outside us, a thingthat by its properties satisfies human wants of some sort oranother” |
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According to Marx how is the value of an object determined? |
Ultimately by the amount of labor time (hours, weeks,months, etc.) that it took to produce it |
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What is SURPLUS VALUE? |
the difference betweenwhat workers earn for theirlabor and the price or valueof the goods that theyproduce |
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What are the key concepts of Marx? |
Class Struggle •Proletariat vs. Bourgeoisie •Forces & Relations of Production •Division of Labor •Alienation |
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What is social order shaped by according to Marx?
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- broad historical transitions
■ classes of actors (collectivist)pitted against one another in struggle to realize their economic interests (rationalist). |
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What does Marx argues that is the essence of individuals? |
Marx argues that the essence of individuals, what they truly are, isdetermined by the material, economic conditions—“what theyproduce and how they produce”—in which they live out their veryexistence |
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Hegemony? |
The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas:i.e., the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force.” |
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Where does order in society come from? |
■ Action – Collective vs. Individua l■ Order – Rational vs. Non-rational |
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Antonio Gramsci & Hegemony? |
Authoritative influence over others -Consent is active, negotiated Populace consider it, weigh it,reproduce it Force is not required |
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What do we know about Pre-Industrial Europe? |
Fitzgerald described: Different classes Landed vs. Worker Relationships Schedule for agricultural serfs |
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Feudalism? |
O Production within home O Everyone contributed O Autonomy |
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Capitalism Shift? |
Production outside the home Everyone works outside of home,selling labor Must go to marketplace for needs Changing gender relations |
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What is Durkheim concerned with? |
Macro-structuraltheory Sociology as data-driven Concerned withchanges in society |
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According to Durkheim what impacts the individual? |
Society |
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What theory did Durkheim believe in? |
The Marco-theory |
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What is Mechanical Solidarity? |
typified by feelings of likeness It is rooted in everyonedoing/feeling the same thing characteristic of small,traditional societies |
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What is Organic Solidarity? |
Each person is interdependentwith others
Forming a complex web ofcooperative associations. Everyone is different and weall play unique roles Characteristic of modernsocieties |
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What are social facts? |
conditions and circumstances external to theindividual that, nevertheless, determine the individuals courseof action |
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How does Durkheim understand religion? |
A collective and anonymousforce” of society |
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What are rites? |
the rules of conduct whichprescribe how a man shouldcomport himself in the presence of these sacred objects |
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What are RELIGIOUS BELIEFS? |
the representations whichexpress the nature of sacredthings & the relations theysustain |
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Manifest Function (punishment) |
Punish the offender • Remembering punishment, they offend no more! |
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Latent Function |
• Threat of punishment is demonstrated• Society united in “emotional solidarity of aggression” (383) •Remembering punishment, they dare not offend! |
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Rationalism |
The practice of guiding one sactions and opinions based on solely what seems rational |
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The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism Combines Weber’s Two Intellectual Pursuits |
(1) the rationalizing tendencies so prevalent in Western society (2) the role of ideas in shaping them. |
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What is the calling? |
The idea that each individual has a calling or life-task”has its roots in a religious quest for salvation. |
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What is the iron cage? |
Rationalization disenchants Western society and creating an“iron cage” from which the individual is left with little power to escape. |
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What is BUREAUCRACY? |
is fully developed in political and ecclesiastical communityonly in the modern state, and in the private economy only inthe most advanced institutions of capitalism |
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What is Nature?? |
•What makes us human is biology: •structure, genes, hormones •We are hard-wired to do somethings but not other things -We inherit traits throughreproduction |
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What is Nurture? |
•Behavior shaped by learningfrom our culture •At birth, we have no culture,only genetic predispositions andbodily features •BUT, we spend a lifetimelearning culture via socialinteractions |
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What were the three influences on Gilman? |
1. Marxism 2. Symbolic Interactionism 3. Sociobiology /Social Darwinism |
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What does Simmel believe about society and individuals? |
They both effect each other |
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What is SUBJECTIVE CULTURE? |
Ongoing Interactions People navigating theirneeds, desires |
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What is OBJECTIVE CULTURE? |
External objects asoppressive systems Conformity is compelled |
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What is the stranger? |
•No economic tie to land •Stranger is not “fixed” within the socialenvironment |
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What is double consciousness? |
describes the individual sensation of feeling as though your identity is divided into several parts, making it difficult or impossible to have one unified identity. |
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What is the color line? |
was originally used as a reference to the racial segregation that |
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What is the veil? |
First, the veil suggests to the literal darker skin of Blacks, which is a physical demarcation of difference from whiteness.
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What is Symbolic Interactionism? |
Focus of analysis is small-scale interpersonalrelationships. Individuals are not passively tossed by the windsof Society People are seen as active constructors of theirown conduct who interpret, evaluate, define, andplot their own action |
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Three Premises of Symbolic Interactionism? |
1. Human beings act toward things on the basis of the meanings that the things have for them
2. The meaning of things arise out of the social interaction one has with one’s fellows 3. The meaning of things are handled in and modified through an interpretive process used by the person in dealing with things he encounters |
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A gesture is ?
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the first element of an act
A sign for the whole act |
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Mead defines meaning as a “threefold relationship” between?
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(1) an individual’s gesture
(2) the adjustive response by another to that gesture (3) the completion of the social act initiated by thegesture of the first individual. |
