Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Sex
|
Refers to physical differences of the body.
|
|
|
Gender
|
Concerns of the psychological, social, and cultural differences between males and females
|
|
|
Inter-sex
|
refers to someone who is born with characteristics of both sexes or they are born with ambiguous genitalia
|
|
|
Transgender
|
refers to a person who’s gender identity does not match their anatomy so they adopt the social characteristics of the other sex
|
|
|
Transsexual
|
- refers to a person who’s gender identity does not match their anatomy so they have surgery and or take hormones to change biologically into the other sex
|
|
|
Why women do the second shift:
|
Beliefs about gender are slow to change
- Feminist theory says women doing the 2nd shift reinforces and expresses gender inequality |
|
|
Second Shift
|
- Refers to housework and childcare
- Book written about the topic - Women are the brunt of the 2nd shift (Women 61%) (Men 39%) - House care and child care are 2 extra jobs that the woman usually comes home AFTER WORK to complete. |
|
|
Examples of gender socialization of children at home and school:
|
- Home (Toys teach girls and boys what their society considers "gender appropriate statuses.
- School (Teacher to student interaction, career counseling, and college mentors) - Elementary School (Boy acknowledged, Girl told to raise hand) - High School (Gender track encourages students to go into their gender appointed fields. - College (Extremely lower amount of female role models) |
|
|
What do we mean when we say that sexuality is socially constructed?
|
- Labels are recent and constantly changing.
|
|
|
Sexual Orientation
|
Just how you Feel
|
|
|
Sexual Preference
|
You have the Choice
|
|
|
DOMA
|
- Defense Of Marriage Act
- Says that the "marriage" is the union between a man and a woman - It does not support gay and lesbian marriage |
|
|
Glass Ceiling
|
a promotion barrier that prevents a woman’s upward mobility with an organization
|
|
|
Glass Escalator
|
to reflect men’s rapid ascent up the hierarchy when they work in female-dominated profession
|
|
|
Two pay solutions have been proposed, in recognition of the limits of the Equal Pay Act
|
-First, the Pay check Fairness Act is being considered by congress; the Act is an update of the long-standing loopholes and strengthens incentives to prevent pay discrimination
-Second, pay-equity policies like comparable worth policies may help to minimize the gender gap |
|
|
Know sex segregation into different jobs, and how the gender composition of a job is linked to the pay received for that job.
|
-Highest portion of women included secretary and child-care worker
-Occupations with the highest portion of male workers included construction worker, truck driver |
|
|
Why is marriage such an important issue for gays and lesbians?
|
Marriage is emotional and practical. Sociologist study practical.
|
|
|
How many federal benefits do heterosexual married couples get?
|
Heterosexual sexual couples get 1,138 federal benefits. Ex. FMLA, Social Security Survivor, Taxes
|
|
|
Does the sexual orientation of the parents affect the sexual orientation of their children?
|
They do not come out gay because of the parents.
|
|
|
According to research, how do children raised by lesbian/gay parents perform in terms of academic achievement, psychological/emotional well-being, and social ability?
|
Kid score just as high on test even with gay parents. They do great socially and psychologically.
|
|
|
Race
|
People who share a set of common characteristics
Race is socially constructed Race IS NOT a biological category (DNA means nothing) |
|
|
Ethnicity
|
People who share a common culture (isn't necessarily visible by the naked eye)
|
|
|
Deficiency theories (blame minorities)
|
Modern sociologists despise this theory
1) Biological- minorities are biological 2) Bias theories looks at racism 3) Institutional discrimination white private according to McIntosh |
|
|
Racial Ethnic Profiling
|
- When you are targeted based on your perceived race/ethnicity
- Based on physical appearance - Linguistic- based on sound of voice |
|
|
Institutional Discrimination Theory
|
Customary ways of doing things and structural arrangements protect advantages of the dominate group while oppressing the subordinate group.
- Media negatively stereotypes minorities. (Still Separation) - History determines present conditions (Land Ownership) |
|
|
Discrimination
|
-Discrimination can occur without racism (Public Schools)
- Discrimination is reinforced because institutions are all related (if you are disadvantaged in 1 area, you will be in another too. |
|
|
definitions and examples of biological aging
|
Typically means:
1.) Declining vision 2.) Hearing loss (Hpitch 1st, then Lptich) 3.) Wrinkles 4.) Declined muscle mass 5.) Dropping cardio deficiency 6.) Efficiency, as less oxygen can be inhaled and use during exercise |
|
|
psychological aging
|
Memory and learning ability do not decline until late in one’s life although the speed with which ones recalls or analyses information may slow somewhat
ex.) Alzheimer's |
|
|
Alzheimer’s disease
|
degenerative disease of the brain resulting in progressive loss of mental capacity.
|
|
|
what is social aging?
|
The norms, values and roles that are culturally associated with a particular chronological age.
|
|
|
Disengagement theory
|
A functionalist theory of aging which holds that it is f(x)al for society to remove people from their traditional roles when they become elderly, freeing up the roles for others.
|
|
|
Activity theory
|
a functionalist theory of aging which hold that busy engaged people are more likely to lead fulfilling and productive lives.
|
|
|
who, on average, lives longer in terms of race-ethnicity and gender? what accounts for race-ethnic differences?
|
Whites make up highest percentage of the elderly. This is because whites have fewer children and greatest longevity.
|
|
|
definition and examples of ageism
|
Discrimination or prejudice against a person on the grounds of age (Elder abuse)
|
|
|
Why do many men love sports?
|
People say: physical and competitive
Sociologist: because modern Closely connected with the development of modern western sports |
|
|
Consider childhood and also bonding with other men.
|
Childhood- reasons to get together to engage with other boy and separate from girls
Bonding with other men- sports remains one of the few socially approved settings in which boy, men fathers and son, can express themselves and bond with each other. “was something fun to do” Sport is a masculine enterprise |
|
|
What is “gendered play”?
|
Boys are physical, emphasis on winning, being tough in the face of diversity, dealing with injuries and pain
|
|
|
In other words, how do boys and girls play differently?
|
Elementary- Boys take up more physical sports
-Girls talk and play |
|
|
Explain how the idea that sports is a masculine enterprise is rooted in history and also reinforced presently by the media.
|
History- middle and upper class men used sports in 19th early 20 century to present and protect their particular notions of masculinity in both schools and popular culture
Media- accentuates the masculinity of male athletes (i.e. Hall of Fame pitch Nolan Ryan) |
|
|
Contested terrain?
|
Inequalities in sports
|
|
|
Consider issues of social class, race-ethnicity, and gender.
|
Social Class- High status men and low status men differently understood themselves as athletes
Low status saw sports as their only hope for success as a man High status looked down upon as a narrow atavistic type of masculinity Race-Ethnicity- African-American athletes are often exaggerated and linked to racial stereotypes about violence, risk and threat. Gender- females more by open participation, enjoyment and fitness |
|
|
Know sex segregation into different jobs, and how the gender composition of a job is linked to the pay received for that job.
|
-Highest portion of women included secretary and child-care worker
-Occupations with the highest portion of male workers included construction worker, truck driver |
|
|
Massachusetts
|
in 1994 was the first state to grant same-sex couples the right to adopt children, and that adoption laws vary state-to-state.
-ruled that denying same-sex couples the right to marry is unconstitutional and has been issuing licenses since May 17, 2004 |
|
|
Gender is built into institutions
|
Any big area of your life you can look at and see inequality.
|
