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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Positives of Structured Interviews
- compare data
- Quantitative data (spot trends etc)
- interviewer is less bias
Negatives of Structured Interviews
- Respondents cannot expand on questions
- Results dependant on everyone's understanding
- uses closed questions
Positives of Unstructured Interviews
- Respondents can gives their ideas and opinions
- Interview can gain the participants trust
- Able to ask about sensitive topics (e.g. abuse)
- Qualitative data
- Participants more likely to be truthful
Negatives of Unstructured Interviews
- Time consuming
- Personally draining
- Participant may not respond
- Comparing results is difficult
Positives of Group Interviews
- Ideas can be shared
- Prompts discussions
- Quicker than individual interviews
- Qualitative data
Negatives of Group Interviews
- Dominant personalities may take control
- Respondents can be influenced by others
- Cannot ask about personal and sensitive issues.
- Likely to lie
- Hard to compare all data
Positives of Lab Experiments
- Can control the variables
- Same situation for everyone
- Quantitative data (spot trends and correlations)
Negatives of Lab Experiments
- People will not act naturally
- Hawthorne Effect will come into play
Postivies of Field Experiments
- More likely to get a natural response
- Quantitative data
Negatives of Field Experiments
- Unethical if participants are not told
- Hawthorne effect will happen if the participants are aware that they are involved in the experiment
- Cannot control the variables
Positives of Questionnaires
- Quantitative data
- Postal questionnaires are geographically dispersed so they are generalisable
- Large sample size
- People will be more honest
- Removal of interviewer bias
Negatives of Questionnaires
- People may not do them (low response rate)
- Ethnic minorities may not be able to answer them if they struggle with English
- Expensive
- People lie
- More middle class, white British will answer - more time and interest.
- Operationalising concepts is difficult (how people measure things)
Positives of Social Surveys
- Stratified examples are easily obtained
- Quota examples are easy, quicker and cheaper
- Snowball and volunteer samples are better at creating a sampling frame
Negatives of Social Surveys
- People don't always respond
- Snowball samples aren't always reliable as they rely on personal recommendation
- Random, systematic and quota samples do not always cover the whole research population
- Stratified sample can only be used if the researcher has enough information on the topic
Positives of Observations
Participant:
- Experience for yourself
- People in natural settings
- Valid data
- Qualitative data
Non-Participant:
- Record the information first hand
Negatives of Observations
Participant:
- Cost both financially and personally
- Could be harmful or dangerous
- Cannot generalise
- Hard to gain interest or access
- Unethical
Postives of Secondary Data
Official Stats:
- Free and easy to access
- Regularly updated, reliable, valid and generalisable
- Quantitative data
Documents:
- Already in existence and usually free/cheap
- Valid: personal accounts
- Qualitative data
- Easily available
Positives of Research
Life Histories: illuminated areas of social life, first hand accounts of experiences.
Case Study: better and more detailed picture
Longitudinal Studies: how people change and why
Comparative method: you can compare
Negatives of Research
Life Histories: dependant on peoples memory and cannot be generalised.
Case Study: Limited results and cannot be generalised
Longitudinal Studies: hard to keep the same group of people over a long period of time
Comparative method: Keeping the variables the same can be difficult