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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Revolution
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mass uprising of people who use violence to overthrow the existing government and install a new government
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Civil War
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the mass mobilization of two or more segments of the population of a single society to fight against each other
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War
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the mass mobilization of the population of two or more societies to fight against each other
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Terrorism
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the use of violence by members of the population of one society against members of the population of the same or different society,violence against civilian populations
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Revolutions occur when there is _____ and ______
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high inequality, low social mobility
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Civil Wars are often fought over ______ or forms of _____
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economic resources, economic organization
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Civil Wars arise from _____, ______, or _________
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stalled revolutions, ethnic conflicts, or colonial independence struggles
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Traditional Wars are common between ______ and ______
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agricultral and industrial societies
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The world's highest levels of military spending are in the ______ and ______
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Middle East and North Africa
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Weapons of Mass Destruction
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Nuclear Weapons, Radiological weapons, Biological weaons, chemical weapons
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Globalization
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the process whereby most nations of the world are connected via communication and trasportation
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Globalization was frist defined at Pitt by _____
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Ronald Robertson
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_____ is the ultimate driver of processes of Globaliztion
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Economic integration
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____ is the most commonly used measure of econoic integraion
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trade globalization
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Trade globalization
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the number of jobs that depend on contact with the outside world
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____ is the key technological innocation that made globalization possible
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the clock
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Astrolabe
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invented to determine latitude
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Sextant
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made it possible to determine latitude at sea
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the invetions of the _____ made long distance sea trade safe and reliable
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sea clock
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Modernization Theory of Globalization
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globalization is inevitable, good for productivity, people need to accept globalization
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Dependency Theory of globalization
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stresses the "development of underdevelopment", countries have no choice but to join the global world-economy even if they do not benefit
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Absolute Poverty
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the level below which it is impossible to sustain human life on a long-term basis, 40% of population
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Extreme Poverty
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the level below which it is impossible to sustain human life even on a short-term basis, 20% of population
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US is a major provider of _______
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development aid
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Globalization has hit ____ countries harder than ______
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developing countires, developed countries
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Trade Globalization is ______ and _____ associated with National Income Inequality
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weatly and inconsistently
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Growth Rates worldwide have been _____ since the age of globalization
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lower
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Social Movement
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broad collection of individuals and organizations working together to effect change
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Social Movement Organization
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Organizational structure with many volunteers, direct social movements
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John Brown
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attempted to organize a slave revolt in Virginia and briefly seized control of Harper's Ferry
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Seneca Falls Movement
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feminists met in seneca falls to draft a decleration demanding equal rights for women (decleration of sentiments)
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Suffrage Movement
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Susan B. Anthony founded National Womens Suffrage Association, women allowed to vote 50 yrs later
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Women's rights movement
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National Organazation for Women was founded
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Haymarket Riots
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demanded 8 hr work day, founded American Federation of Labor
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Great Railroad Strike of 1877
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striking workers in the strip district were suppressed by the state militia
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Mass Behavior theory of social movements
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responses to situations of disequuilibrium in society, Chicago School
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New Social Movements Theorty
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sms were result from legitimate grievances of large sectors of society, Maxist
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Resource Mobilization theory
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crowd mobilization and persistance of movement are related to the resources of those involved. must be cost effective to be successful, arrise from structural strain
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al-Qaeda
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most importatn anti-american islamic fundamentalist social movement organization, attempts to act as a coordination body for a large number of loosely-connected andti-American organizations and individuals
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4 major bases of power in society that political systmes are organized around
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Coercive, Symbolic, Administrative, Incintive
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The efficiencey of ___________ bases of power rises along with national income level
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administrative
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Forms of Incentives
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drivers license and social security card
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Most non defense spending inthe US is actually ____ and local_____
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state and local
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Hegemony
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predominant influence of one state over a world-economy, US became hegemony in 1945
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two main processes os social integration
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socialization and social control
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Socialization
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instills in individuals the basic components of personality that encourage them to voluntarily participate in society
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Social Control
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mechanisms that are involuntary incentives for individuals to participate in society whether they want to or not
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cultural directives
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the socialization of individuals into the collective consciences of the societies in which they live
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____ is a force that undermines social integration, main cause of social disorder
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Inequality
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Social Deviance
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behavior that violates the widely acccepted norms that underlie a society's cultural directive
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Macrosociologists
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study economic systmes and how the global economy changes over time
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Modern industrial societies have economies based on ___________
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inorganic sources of energy
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Widespread industrialization has drive ______, ____, and ______
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urbanization, social differentiation, and population growth
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When teh wolrd's richest countries gave up on industry, ___________
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their populations fell
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Primary Sector
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agriculture, mining
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Secondray sector
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manufacturing, transportation
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Teritary sector
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private services, government services
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Paraprofessions
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nurse practitioners, paralegals, TAs- at risk of offshoring
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Monopsony
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where there is only one buyer- walmart becoming one for sellers(you must sell your products at walmart)
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Most of the profit in today's manufacturing value chain goes to _____
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the retailer
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Statuses
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the positions people occupy in a social structure
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Roles
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statuses that are associated with behavior norms
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Status Set
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collection of statuses held by an individual ex, student, daughter
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Role Set
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collection of roles associated with status, attached to status not person
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Role Strain
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occurs when individuals have difficulty simultaneously fulfilling all of the behavioral expectations of there status's role set ex- adults who have to care for their parents as well as their children
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Role Conflict
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when different status's roles conflict ex- teenagers that are pregnant
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Stratification
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the structureing of society by level of command over resources like income, power, and prestige
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Substructure
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the person who controls the means of production
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Gini Coefficient
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measures the degree of income statification
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poverty is _____ as weath is ______
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rising, rising
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Functionlist theory of Religion
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tool for social integration, Durkheim
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Conflict theory of Religion
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see religion as a tool for social control (opaiate of the masses, marx)
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Most of the islamic world is ____ but Iran and parts of Iraq and Afghanistan are mostly _______
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Sunni, Shi'a
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Umma
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the entire muslin world
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Shahada
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profession of faith
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salaat
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prayer five times a day
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sawm
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fasting during ramadan
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zakat
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charitable giving
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hajj
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pilgrimage to mecca
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sharia
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muslim law
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Values
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overarching moral principles
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Beleifs
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prepresent people's contextual ideas about approrpeate outcomes in particular situations
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norms
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represent people's actual behaviors in social situations
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Value sets differ over_______
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tradition vs. modernity
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Comte
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Positivistic
economic, political, and cultural integration |
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Spencer
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Biology
Operative, distributive, and regulatory |
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Marx
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Bourgeoisie vs. proletariat
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Durkheim
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creation of common culture, collective conscience
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Weber
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classes, parties, identities, must all align to have integration
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Functional/Evolutionary of social integration
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responses to external enviromental pressures
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Conflict/Critical theory of social integration
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competing interest os members of socities themselves
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